DNA extraction is done by three methods: * Organic extraction * inorganic extraction * solid state method In organic extraction, phenol and chloroform are used to create on organic phase in which cells are lysed and DNA is freed. The DNA remains in the aqueous phase. Ethyl alcohol is used to precipitate the DNA. In the inroganic methos, NaCl and EDTA are used for cell lysis. Following this, an approach similar to the organic method is followed. In solid state extraction, DNA is first precipitated in the presence of high slat and low pH conditions. The precipitated DNA is then adsorbed on to a filter membrane surface.
This procedure is complicated by the ubiquitous presence of ribonuclease enzymes in cells and tissues, which can rapidly degrade RNA. Several methods are used in molecular Biology to isolate RNA from samples, the most common of these is Guanidinium thiocyanate-phenol-chloroform extraction This method often uses a proprietary formulation of this reagent called Trizol.
The three basic steps of DNA extraction are:
Did you mean how is RNA different from DNA?
Proteins, RNA, lipids
They are completely different processes in the central dogma. DNA replication is the replication of DNA into DNA by DNA polymerases. Trancription is the transcription of DNA into RNA by RNA polymerase.
RNA primer is a short strand of RNA that is synthesized along single-stranded DNA during replication, initiating DNA polymerase-catalyzed synthesis of the complementary strand. RNA primase is the enzyme that synthesize the RNA primer.
DNA is different with some ways to RNA -It have two chains but RNA have one chains -ıt stored herditary material (genetic material ) and controled cell activities but RNA ' s function protein synthesis -DNA can make copy ofıtself but RNA cannot -DNA have deoxyribose sugar but RNA have ribose sugar
In a DNA extraction, the purpose of a buffer is to solubilize DNA as well as RNA. Because of this, it prevents the DNA for degrading.
RNAse destroys the RNA and hence RNAse contamination is a problem in RNA extraction as it breaks down RNA. RNAse enzyme is removed by using RNAse inhibitor or precautions like wearing of gloves, autoclaving tips , using RNAse free water/DEPC treated water is done while performing RTPCR
Did you mean how is RNA different from DNA?
Proteins, RNA, lipids
If the DNA is not pure, contaminants include RNA and proteins
Yes, DNA and RNA have different sugar . DNA contains deoxyribose sugar whereas RNA consists of ribose sugar, which are completely different from each other.
tRNA is a single-stranded molecule that folds into a cloverleaf shape, while DNA is double-stranded and forms a helical structure. tRNA carries amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis, whereas DNA carries genetic information. tRNA contains modified nucleotides and often has loops and stems that are crucial for its function in protein synthesis.
TE stands for Tris and EDTA. The Tris buffers the water to prevent acid hydrolysis of the DNA/RNA. The EDTA chelates divalent cations that can assist in the degradation of RNA.
Ribose
RNA uses Uracil (U) in place of T (thymine) in DNA.
DNA is double stranded whereas RNA is single stranded . They are different in their functioning as well .
Both DNA and RNA each contain the bases adenine, cytosine, and guanine. They differ in that DNA contains thymine whereas RNA contains uracil.