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Simplistically, the only two major factors that determine climate are time and weather. In other words, if a question arises over climate, the main things to consider in answering that question will have to do with time periods and the sorts of weather that occurred during those time periods.

Otherwise, climatology is much too complex to specify any two major contributing factors.

One obvious influence is the energy emitted by the sun. Another is the heat emitted by the earth, from its core. The orbit of the earth, its rotation and its axis tilt influence weather; but with other combining factors, they also influence climate.

The composition of the atmosphere influences climate, but perhaps not moreso than oceanic phenomena. A number of those are studied by climatologists as being indices of patterns of climate. For example, the "El Niño" phenomenon in the Pacific is thought to influence weather patterns. Our atmosphere's various components act to reflect away, or let in, energy from the sun. By the same token, it can act to let out, or reflect inward, heat produced by and on the earth.

Most climatologists would likely say that a span of ten years is not nearly enough to determine a climatological pattern. While many people believe that greenhouse gases and activities which humans engage in can have a considerable effect on climate, other scientists will point out that a single violent volcano can produce more greenhouse gases and dust in only a short time, than humans could over a considerable span of years.

Climatology is a science of approximation, and of history. There was the "Ice Age" of about 10,000 years ago, and there was what was called "The Little Ice Age" in the 1700's. However, these climatological events didn't affect the whole world. Also, droughts, floods and other natural disasters have occurred throughout human history, with no apparent detectable pattern as of yet. Polar ice caps shrink and grow regularly, but unpredictably.

Climatologists want to study climate to be able to predict what, over a period of years, will be future climate. However, it's an inexact science in some aspects, and still cannot accurately do so. While short-term weather prediction has become more accurate in the last decade or so, the accurate prediction of actual possible climate changes remains elusive.

Other Answers:temperature and precipitation

Temperature and Precipitation.

temperature and precipitation

tempereture & rainfall

Its latitude and how far it is from the nearest ocean.

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