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Photosynthesis is the process in which plants changes energy from the sun into chemical energy. That being said, photons from the sun are absorbed in the plants chloroplasts. These photons excite electrons that are present in the interior of the chloroplast. Electrons are located inside complexes known as photosystems, which are located in the membrane of thylakoids. Thylakoids are flattened sacs that are stacked together within the chloroplasts to form granum. When these electrons are excited they are passed on from Photosystem II to Photosystem I in a complex process that allows H+ ions to cross into the thylakoid. As the electrons are used up at each Photosystem they have to be replaced. This is where water comes in. Water gets "Split" apart and the electrons from water are donated to the Photosystem. So during photosynthesis plants use sunlight, water (to replace electrons), and NADP+ (this is an electron carrier that carries electrons to different cycles).

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