Bacteria kept at 15°C would likely experience slower growth rates compared to those kept at higher temperatures. The population size would increase at a slower rate as a result of the reduced growth and reproduction rates due to the lower temperature. This could lead to a smaller overall population size than those kept in warmer conditions over the same period of time.
The facts collected during an experiment are called data. Data can be quantitative (numbers and measurements) or qualitative (descriptions and observations) and are used to analyze and draw conclusions from the experiment.
To calculate the generation time of bacteria, you can divide the total time it takes for a bacterial population to double by the number of generations that occurred during that time. This can be determined by measuring the initial and final population sizes and the time it took for the population to double.
The idea of their experiment was to determine what kind of macromolecule was the genetic material, DNA or proteins. Bacteriophages, viruses that infect bacteria, were known to carry all of the information needed to make themselves, but using the genetic machinery of their hosts. Based on this, they were used as a simple system that should be governed by the same principals as the genetic information of the bacteria itself. At the time it was known that nearly all phosphorus in macromolecules is found in nucleic acid, and nearly all sulfur is found in proteins (methionine and cycteine). So if you grow cells in radioactive isotopes of phosphorus, the nucleic acids (e.g. DNA) become radioactive, and if you grow cells in radioactive sulfur, proteins become radioactive. Sorry, there's more. Folks studying infection of bacteria by phage found that most of the virus was a "package" that never entered the cell. So if they mixed phage with bacteria and waited 15 minutes and then put the mix in a blender for a few seconds, the packages that had been attached to the outside of the bacteria get ripped off and can be searated from the bacteria. While the packages are no longer attached to the bacteria, the bacteria are already infected, so the virus genes must already be inside. Now the experiment: Hershey and Chase infected bacteria with phage with racdioactive proteins (sulfur) or in a separate experiment radioactive DNA (phosphorus). The bacteria was mixed with virus for 15 minutes, then whoosh, frappe! They then separated the bacteria from the viruses that had not infected bacteria and empty packages, and asked what kind of radioactive macromoleules were able to get inside the bacteria following the short incubation. In the sulfur experiment , the bacteria were NOT radioactive so proteins appeared to not enter the bacteria during this short time frame. In the phosphorus experiment, the bacteria became radioactive after a short incubation, meaning the DNA of the phage had entered the bacteria in the same time frame as the genetic material. This was consistent with DNA being the genetic material of bacteriophage.
Bacteria reproduce through a process called binary fission, where a bacterial cell splits into two identical daughter cells. During binary fission, the bacterial cell replicates its DNA and then divides the cell into two new cells. This process allows bacteria to rapidly multiply and increase their population.
If you heat shock for too long during a scientific experiment, it can lead to denaturation or damage of the proteins or molecules being studied. This can result in inaccurate or unreliable experimental results.
The facts collected during an experiment are called data. Data can be quantitative (numbers and measurements) or qualitative (descriptions and observations) and are used to analyze and draw conclusions from the experiment.
The Independent variable
The rate of heat loss from the hot cup decreased during the experiment.
A constant variable is one that does not change during an experiment. If your experiment includes a dozen cupcakes and that number does not change throughout your experiment, the dozen cupcakes is a constant variable.
if any factor in an experiment changes, you have a brand new experiment. -A factor in an experiment that can change is known as a variable.
becuase because
Temperature.
Yes, the independent variable does change because it is what a scientist purposely changes during an experiment.
Variables.
A control variable is a factor that remains constant and does not change during an experiment. It is used to ensure that any observed effects or changes are due to the manipulation of the independent variable and not other factors.
The constant/experimental constant.
variables