What happen with mutations?

Answer 1

Mutations are rare, random changes in DNA. A human has 50% DNA from a mother and 50% from a father. These two half are nearly identical to the DNA given by the parents. In the 3,000,000,000 base pairs in a person's DNA there are only, on average, 150 mutations.

They happen because the DNA processes aren't perfect. Most mutations are small and relate to the insertion, deletion, or swapping of a single base pair. This can cause good, bad, or neutral changes.

Most mutations are neutral and have no effect on the organism because they happen in part of the DNA that doesn't code for a protein. However, when they happen in a coding section, they can change a single codon or even an entire section of codons.

A swap is a single base pair that gets changed. For example, let's take the section of DNA: ATGTGCATG.

Codons are sections of 3 base pairs that code for an animo acid, so from above we have: ATG TGC ATG. An example of a swap would result in ATG TGC A*CG, so only the last codon would be effected. This may not even change which amino acid the codon codes for because there are 64 different combinations and only 20 amino acids so some combinations code for the same thing.

An insertion or deletion are more drastic because they cause a shift. So, using the same DNA as before and modeling an insertion we get: GATGTGCATG. So our codons are now GAT GTG CAT. Each codon could potentially change rather than just one. Deletion works much the same way.
When mutation occurs, there can be damaged done on genes.

Answer 2

They damage your DNA, which can cause the production of abnormal cellular products or abnormal production of cellular products.

Better:

Mutations can copy, delete, or shift individual nucleotides, gene fragments, entire genes, or entire chromosomes. Cells are able to repair most errors, but many get through due to the vast number of nucleotides involved. The simplest of these mutations affect only the construction of a single protein, but can still cause illness or increase the risk of illness. However, they are also often redundant, and so are sometimes free to harmlessly mutate into something with a new purpose.

Mutations are not automatically harmful, or the human race would have died out after only a few generations, as we know that, on average, every single human cell or egg contains an average of 129 single nucleotide mutations. Of course, most mutations ARE harmful, and these are quickly selected out of the gene pool. In fact, by comparing our genes with out closest relatives, we have calculated that only about 1 in 65,000 mutations are retained in the long run.

Answer 3

Mutations are changes in the sequence of nitrogenous bases in the chromosome. the four nitrogenous bases in DNA are 1) Adenine 2) Thymine 3) Cytosine $) Guanine. when there bases are altered : insertion, deletion, substitution, etc, a mutation will occur. Mutations are caused by mutagens. Mutagens are anything that causes a mutation; radiation, UV rays, viruses, etc.

Answer 4

Depending on the type of mutation, it can either result in a harmless change in codon sequence, or death due to mixed complications, such as those exhibited by chromosomal mutations.