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What statement describes nicotinic acetylcholine ACh receptors as opposed to muscarinic ACh receptors?
Nicotinic ACh receptors are ionotropic receptors that mediate fast neurotransmission, while muscarinic ACh receptors are metabotropic receptors that modulate cell signaling through G-proteins. Nicotinic receptors are typically found at neuromuscular junctions and in the central nervous system, whereas muscarinic receptors are more widely distributed in peripheral tissues and the brain.
What are the names of some common neurotransmitters?
Acetylcholine or aka ACH is the neurotransmitter that is released from the axon terminal to through the neuromuscular junction across the synaptic cleft which binds to the ACH receptors on the end motor plate of the Sarcolema.
What part of the muscle cell membrane contain acetylcholine receptors?
Acetylcholine receptors are located on the motor end plate of the muscle cell membrane. This specialized region is where the nerve cell communicates with the muscle cell, allowing for the initiation of muscle contraction in response to acetylcholine binding to its receptors.
Are there more cold receptors or warm receptors in the skin?
There are more cold receptors in the skin than warm receptors.
How is acetylcholine (ACh) removed from the synaptic cleft?
Acetylcholine (ACh) is removed from the synaptic cleft through a process called enzymatic degradation. The enzyme acetylcholinesterase breaks down ACh into its components, acetate and choline, which are then taken back up into the presynaptic neuron for recycling or further processing.
What statement describes nicotinic acetylcholine ACh receptors as opposed to muscarinic ACh receptors?
Nicotinic ACh receptors are ionotropic receptors that mediate fast neurotransmission, while muscarinic ACh receptors are metabotropic receptors that modulate cell signaling through G-proteins. Nicotinic receptors are typically found at neuromuscular junctions and in the central nervous system, whereas muscarinic receptors are more widely distributed in peripheral tissues and the brain.
What does ach do at a neuromuscular junction?
ACh (acetylcholine) binds to receptors at the NMJ (neuromuscular junction) to induce contraction of muscle.
Ach receptors are found mainly in?
Acetylcholine (ACh) receptors are primarily found in the neuromuscular junctions of skeletal muscles, where they play a crucial role in muscle contraction by responding to the neurotransmitter acetylcholine. Additionally, ACh receptors are present in the central and peripheral nervous systems, where they mediate various functions including cognition, memory, and autonomic nervous system responses. There are two main types of ACh receptors: nicotinic receptors, which are ionotropic and found at neuromuscular junctions and autonomic ganglia, and muscarinic receptors, which are metabotropic and found in various tissues including the heart and glands.
The first thing that stops a contraction after the nerve stops sending ACh?
AChE destroys the ACh and they are removed from the membrane receptors.
What enzyme removes ACh from receptors so stimulation of muscle cells cease?
ACh esterase, which breaks ACh down into an acetyl group and a choline group. This is then taken up by the neurone and some is reformed into ACh.
How is neostigmine chemically used to treat myasthenia gravis?
Neostigmine is a competitive irreversible inhibitor of Acetylcholinesterase (AChE), an enzyme responsible for breaking down acetylcholine (ACh). Myasthenia gravis is caused by the body producing too little ACh receptors. As stimulating the ACh receptors is needed for nervous transmission, the nerve signals cannot be transmitted causing muscle weakness and fatigue. Neostigmine is hence used to inhibit AChE so that less ACh gets broken down. This leads to more ACh binding to the ACh receptors causing muscular contraction.
How does destruction of Ach receptors on the sarcolemma effect muscle contraction?
The destruction of acetylcholine (ACh) receptors on the sarcolemma impairs muscle contraction by preventing effective communication between motor neurons and muscle fibers. When ACh is released from motor neurons, it binds to these receptors to initiate the depolarization of the muscle cell membrane, leading to contraction. Without sufficient ACh receptors, the muscle fibers cannot respond adequately to the neurotransmitter, resulting in weakened or absent muscle contractions. This is a characteristic feature of conditions like myasthenia gravis.
What is m-cholinomimetics?
they stimulate the action of ACh at post ganglionic muscarinic receptors.
A deficiency of ACh receptors in a motor end plate would cause and is called?
A deficiency of ACh receptors in a motor end plate would cause muscle weakness or paralysis. This condition is called myasthenia gravis.
How does the incapacitating agent 3-quinuclidinyl benzilate affect the human body?
Competes with ACh at the nerve receptors and results in under stimulatin of the receptors.
Why does atropine effect histamine receptors?
It doesn't atropine only acts on muscarinic receptors (it's a competitive antagonist here for ACh), but histamine acts on different receptors (histamine receptors). There is no direct interaction between atropine and histamine receptors
How would a drug that stimulates acetylcholine receptors affect the sympathetic nervous system?
Preganglionic fibers for the SNS release ACh; so a drug that stimulates ACh receptors would stimulate the postganglionic fibers of sypathetic nerves, resulting in increased sympathetic activity
