Transport across membranes can be fueled not only by ATP, but by the energy stored in ion gradients. In such cases, the free energy released during the transport of ions down an electrochemical gradient is used to pump other ions or molecules up their electrochemical gradient. This process is called cotransport because one carrier protein mediates the transport of both species. Some cotransporters carry both solutes in the same direction (symport), while others transport one solute into the cell and the other out of the cell (antiport).
Electrogenic pump, proton pump, and contransport protein.
Exocytosis
By diffusion: through finger like projections called villi and microvilli (which increase the surface area of the small intestine) they are then transported by the hepatic portal vein to the liver which processes and filters the nutrients.