Condominance and Incomplete Dominance.
Epigenetics, incomplete dominance, co-dominance, multiple alleles, polygenic traits, and gene linkage are examples of non-Mendelian principles that extend beyond classical Mendelian genetics. These factors can affect inheritance patterns and phenotypes in ways that do not strictly adhere to Mendel's laws of inheritance.
Condominance is a genetic scenario where two different alleles for a trait are expressed equally in the phenotype of an organism. A classic example is seen in certain blood types, specifically the ABO blood group system, where individuals with type AB blood express both A and B antigens on the surface of their red blood cells, demonstrating that both alleles contribute to the phenotype. This results in a distinct blood type that is neither solely A nor solely B.
Codominance is a genetic trait where two different alleles for a gene are both expressed equally in the phenotype of a heterozygote individual. This results in a phenotype that shows characteristics of both alleles instead of a blending of traits. An example is the AB blood type in humans, where both A and B alleles are expressed equally.