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In genetic epidemiology, a genome-wide association study(GWA study, or GWAS), also known as whole genome association study (WGA study, or WGAS), is an examination of all or most of the genes (the genome) of different individuals of a particular species to see how much the genes vary from individual to individual. Different variations are then associated with different traits, such as diseases. In humans, this technique has led to discovery of associations of particular genes with diseases such as the eye disease known as age-related macular degeneration and Diabetes. In humans, hundreds or thousands of individuals are tested, usually for single DNA mutations (single-nucleotide polymorphisms, or SNPs). As of December 2010[update], over 1,200 human GWASs have examined over 200 diseases and traits, and found almost 4,000 SNP associations.[1] They are useful in finding the molecular pathways of disease, but usually not useful in finding genes that predict risks of disease

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