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Intestinal villi are tiny finger-like outgrowths, in the lining of the small intestine. Villi effectively increase the surface area of the gut wall allowing for slower movement through the small intestine thus allowing greater time for absorption of nutrients.

The villi increase the surface area of the small intestine to many times what it would be if it were simply a tube with smooth walls.

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A method used to determine the karyotype of a fetus is called what?

The method used to determine the karyotype of a fetus is called chorionic villus sampling (CVS) or amniocentesis, in which fetal cells are obtained for genetic analysis. These tests can reveal the number and structure of chromosomes in the fetus, helping to diagnose genetic disorders and abnormalities.


What happens if intact proteins are transported across the villus epithelium?

Intact proteins are typically broken down into amino acids before being absorbed by the villus epithelium in the small intestine. The transport of intact proteins across the epithelium is not a normal process and can trigger an immune response, leading to allergic reactions or inflammation in the gut.


What are fingerlike projections that absorb nutrients called?

Fingerlike projections that absorb nutrients in the small intestine are called villi. Villi increase the surface area of the intestinal lining, allowing for better absorption of nutrients into the bloodstream.


When can we tell whether the fetus is male or female?

Typically, the gender of a fetus can be determined through ultrasound around 18-20 weeks of pregnancy. A more accurate determination can be made through genetic testing such as amniocentesis or chorionic villus sampling earlier in the pregnancy.


If a function is equal to zero when x is zero is the function considered defined at that point?

Yes. So long as the function has a value at the points in question, the function is considered defined.