What is the proof for Darwin's theory of undirected mutation and incremental change over other theories of evolution?

Answer 1

No theory has proof "above" any other; either it has enough supporting evidence to be valid or it doesn't. They are all suported by individual evidence (sometimes actually sharing it), and each theory also supports the overarching theory of evolution.

However, the proof for undirected mutation is simply the existence of mutations. They have no 'direction' - taken to mean either a direct cause or a purpose - so the fact they are there is enough proof. Incremental change is supported by the fact we can see it in both simple studies from a lab and real world situations; for example, the required amount of certain known and widespread antibiotics to kill a given sample of microbes has increased by large amount since their discovery in the 20th century. Fossil records contain a large number of species who changed over time and the changes can be quite clearly seen when compared.

Answer 2

Darwin's theory of natural selection is supported by evidence from various scientific fields, such as genetics, embryology, and the fossil record. The concept of undirected mutation and incremental change is also supported by the observed genetic variability within populations and the accumulation of small changes over time. While there may be other theories of evolution, Darwin's theory remains the most widely accepted and supported explanation for the diversity of life on Earth.