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What is the equation of the Calvin cycle?
The Calvin cycle is a series of chemical reactions that take place in the chloroplasts of plants during photosynthesis. The general equation for the Calvin cycle is: 3 CO2 + 6 NADPH + 5 H2O + 9 ATP → G3P (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate) + 2 H+ + 6 NADP+ + 9 ADP + 8 Pi.
What is function and structure of stroma?
The stroma of a plant is the region outside of the thylakoid space. This serves two functions in the both the light-dependent and light-independent (Calvin cycle) reactions. In the light-dependent reactions, the H+ ions that build up within the thylakoid begin to form a concentration gradient between the thylakoid and the stroma. As a result, the H+ ions need to diffuse into the stroma. In order to do this, the ions must travel through an enzyme known as ATP synthase. Once it does, the movement of H+ ions through ATP synthase into the stroma provides energy for ADP to become ATP. The ATP formed is an energy source to power the Calvin cycle. Now, the light-independent (Calvin cycle) reactions occur in the stroma.
What site in the chloroplast where Calvin cycle or light independent reaction takes place?
in the stroma
What are the seven steps in light dependent reactions?
Absorption of light by chlorophyll molecules. Water splitting to release oxygen, electrons, and protons. Electron transport chain to generate ATP and NADPH. Reduction of NADP+ to NADPH. ATP and NADPH used in the Calvin cycle to produce glucose. Regeneration of ADP and NADP+ for reuse in the light reactions. Release of oxygen as a byproduct of water splitting.
Is ATP produced in both photosynthesis and respiration?
Yes and No. There are two parts of photosynthesis, the light reactions and Calvin cycle. The light reactions produce ATP and NADPH which the Calvin reactions then use to produce sugars. So yes in respration 32-38 ATP are produced. And yes ATP is made by the light rxns in photosynthesis but is not a final product like the ATP in respiration
What is the role of H in photosynthesis Short answer (ex chlorophyll absorbs light) preferred?
In short, it is used in the Calvin-cycle to reduce CO2 into a sugar.
What is the source of h and electrons that end up in glucose?
Hydrogen atoms and electrons that end up in glucose come from the breakdown of water during the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis. These reactions occur in the thylakoid membrane of chloroplasts, where water is split into oxygen, protons, and electrons, providing the necessary raw materials for the synthesis of glucose in the Calvin cycle.
During the Calvin cycle what molecule is split to release 0?
During the Calvin cycle, water (H₂O) is split to release oxygen (O₂). This process occurs in the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis, where water molecules are split through photolysis, producing oxygen as a byproduct. The oxygen released is then utilized by living organisms for respiration or released into the atmosphere. The Calvin cycle itself primarily focuses on fixing carbon dioxide into organic molecules, using the products generated from the light-dependent reactions.
How many water molecules does the Calvin cycle require?
The Calvin cycle does not directly require water molecules. It uses carbon dioxide, ATP, and NADPH to produce sugar molecules. Water molecules are indirectly involved in the Calvin cycle through the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis, where they are split to provide electrons for the production of ATP and NADPH.
Why is the H plus ion important in photosynthesis?
they undergo chemiosmosis resulting in the creation of ATP throught ATP Synthase. Also, they are used to make NADPH when combining with the two electrons lost from P700 and with NADP+ left over from the calvin cycle!!!
How many NADPH are produced in the Calvin Benson cycle in photosynthesis?
For each two water molecules, the noncyclic electron flow will produce 1 O2 molecule, 2 NADPH, and 1 ATP.
What is the equation of the Calvin cycle?
The Calvin cycle is a series of chemical reactions that take place in the chloroplasts of plants during photosynthesis. The general equation for the Calvin cycle is: 3 CO2 + 6 NADPH + 5 H2O + 9 ATP → G3P (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate) + 2 H+ + 6 NADP+ + 9 ADP + 8 Pi.
What is the primary function of the Calvin cycle?
The primary function of the Calvin cycle is to convert carbon dioxide from the atmosphere into organic compounds, particularly glucose, which can be used by plants as an energy source and as building blocks for growth. This process occurs in the stroma of chloroplasts and is essential for photosynthesis.
How is H2O involved in photosynthesis?
The water is split in the light reactions, with the H+ being used to reduce NADP to NADPH, thereby storing energy which will power the Calvin Cycle, which makes carbohydrates. The result of the light reactions is also oxygen gas, O2.
Which complex or enzyme of photosynthesis consumes h2o?
The complex known as Photosystem II in the thylakoid membrane of chloroplasts is responsible for splitting water (H2O) into oxygen, protons (H+), and electrons during the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis. This process provides the electrons needed to generate ATP and NADPH for use in the Calvin cycle.
How would you describe the Calvin cycle?
C02 + ribulose biphosphate ------>(catalyst by riubisco) -----> 6C compound(unstable) -----> glycerate-3-phosphate ---->(ATP->ADP+P)---->(NADPH->NADP + H)----> trise phosphate ----->sucrose
What is function and structure of stroma?
The stroma of a plant is the region outside of the thylakoid space. This serves two functions in the both the light-dependent and light-independent (Calvin cycle) reactions. In the light-dependent reactions, the H+ ions that build up within the thylakoid begin to form a concentration gradient between the thylakoid and the stroma. As a result, the H+ ions need to diffuse into the stroma. In order to do this, the ions must travel through an enzyme known as ATP synthase. Once it does, the movement of H+ ions through ATP synthase into the stroma provides energy for ADP to become ATP. The ATP formed is an energy source to power the Calvin cycle. Now, the light-independent (Calvin cycle) reactions occur in the stroma.
