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Gel Electrophoresis
Randal Bernhard
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What is the term used to describe the shape of DNA?
DNA is organized in a double-helix fashion.
What determines the distance of the DNA fragments?
By the size of the DNA molecule. longer DNA molecules move slower, and shorter DNA molecules move faster!
What is used to make copies of DNA?
Gel electrophoresis can be used to separate various pieces of DNA by their lengths. When the location of target strands of DNA need to be located, specific restriction enzymes function to sever the particular DNA strand, and then take the desired, different strands of DNA (severed by the same restriction enzyme) and adds it to the original specimen of DNA. I know this works on plasmids (circular pieces of DNA found in bacteria). Very, very interesting stuff.
How is it possible to sort different lengths of DNA strands using gel electrophoresis?
The gel matrix is made of a type of cross-linked polymer (usually agarose or polyacrylamide). The cross-linking creates a type of sieve. Bigger pieces of DNA take longer to work their way through the "holes" than smaller ones do. Usually the DNA is treated to straighten it out and give it a uniform charge. This charge is what forces the DNA to move through the gel, because a current is applied to the gel, forcing the negatively charged DNA fragments away from the negative terminal..
Does DNA control traits?
Chromosomes contain organisms' DNA. DNA is the genetic information that controls the traits of organisms. Chromosomes are found on DNA.
How are restriction maps used?
They are used to show the lengths of DNA fragments between restriction sites in a strand of DNA.
What is the processes used to separate DNA segments of different lengths?
pcr
Electrophoresis is used to sort DNA by?
Electric charge
What structure allows enormous lengths of DNA to be folded into the nucleus?
The nucleosome. The nucleosome consists of DNA wound tightly around a protein called histone. This winding is sort of like coiling up a rope, and allows DNA to be packaged into a smaller space than would otherwise be achieved.
What is the term used to describe the shape of DNA?
DNA is organized in a double-helix fashion.
What determines the distance of the DNA fragments?
By the size of the DNA molecule. longer DNA molecules move slower, and shorter DNA molecules move faster!
What sort of swimmer would be able to swim 32 lengths?
An accomplished one.
What is used to make copies of DNA?
Gel electrophoresis can be used to separate various pieces of DNA by their lengths. When the location of target strands of DNA need to be located, specific restriction enzymes function to sever the particular DNA strand, and then take the desired, different strands of DNA (severed by the same restriction enzyme) and adds it to the original specimen of DNA. I know this works on plasmids (circular pieces of DNA found in bacteria). Very, very interesting stuff.
How is it possible to sort different lengths of DNA strands using gel electrophoresis?
The gel matrix is made of a type of cross-linked polymer (usually agarose or polyacrylamide). The cross-linking creates a type of sieve. Bigger pieces of DNA take longer to work their way through the "holes" than smaller ones do. Usually the DNA is treated to straighten it out and give it a uniform charge. This charge is what forces the DNA to move through the gel, because a current is applied to the gel, forcing the negatively charged DNA fragments away from the negative terminal..
Can Restriction Enzymes be used on all DNA?
Restriction enzymes cut DNA at sites called restriction sites on the DNA. These restriction sites are specific sequences of 6 - 8 nucleotide bases. Restriction enzymes can be used on all types of DNA. If the DNA is cut by a certain restriction enzyme, then we know that the DNA contained the restriction site. This sort of an experiment is called restriction site analysis
what causes DNA to clump together?
alcohol of any sort
What does the charge of DNA have to do with DNA fingerprinting?
DNA is of a negative charge. So when gel electrophoresis is used on it the DNA fragments are attracted to the positive end of the electrophoresis. The fragments of different lengths travel down the gel towards this end. The longer length fragments travel less and so are farther from the positive end. By looking at these DNA fragments, which are created by cutting DNA with restriction enzymes one can compare and contrast DNA. Thus DNA fingerprinting can take place based on the different restriction sites in DNA (cut by the enzymes) forming different length segments of DNA.
