A plasmid
Pili are needed for bacterial conjugation, as they are involved in the transfer of genetic material from one bacterium to another. Flagella, on the other hand, are involved in bacterial motility and help the bacterium move.
GENERALIZED TRANSDUCTION- Is the type of transduction in which a fragment of DNA from the degraded chromosome of an infected bacteria cell is accidentally incorporated into a new phage particle during viral replication and thereby transfered to another bacterial cell. specialized- is the type in which the bacterial DNA transduced is limited to one or a few genes lying adjacent to a pro-phage that are accidentally included when the phage is excised from the bacterial chromosome.
Deletion: Part of a chromosome is missing. Duplication: A segment of a chromosome is copied multiple times. Inversion: A segment of a chromosome is reversed in orientation. Translocation: Part of a chromosome breaks off and attaches to another chromosome.
This transfer of genetic material from one bacterium to another is known as bacterial conjugation. It involves the transfer of plasmids or other mobile genetic elements between bacteria. This can result in increased genetic diversity and potentially introduce new genes, such as antibiotic resistance genes, into the recipient bacterium.
Transduction is the type of genetic recombination in bacteria that involves DNA transfer by viruses. In this process, bacteriophages (viruses that infect bacteria) transfer bacterial DNA from one bacterium to another.
Specialized transduction is a type of bacterial gene transfer where specific genes are transferred from one bacterial cell to another via a temperate bacteriophage. Unlike generalized transduction, which can transfer any bacterial gene, specialized transduction only transfers specific genes located near the prophage integration site in the bacterial chromosome.
You would be actually transferring a set of codes expressed as codons that will form the gene. You would be cutting one gene from a chromosome and inserting it in to another chromosome. This is called lateral gene transfer. You would use an intermediate such as a plasmid or virus to complete this transfer. Vertical gene transfer is another name for the genes that a parent passes to their offspring.
Transporation; Transduce is when energy or other to transfer one bacterial cell to another. Its like transportation but with other genetic materials or non human forms. :)
Transduction
Pili are needed for bacterial conjugation, as they are involved in the transfer of genetic material from one bacterium to another. Flagella, on the other hand, are involved in bacterial motility and help the bacterium move.
Gene transfer from one bacterium to another through infection by a bacteriophage is called transduction. During this process, a bacteriophage (a virus that infects bacteria) incorporates bacterial DNA into its own viral genome and, upon infecting a new bacterial host, can introduce this genetic material into the new cell. This mechanism allows for the horizontal gene transfer of traits, such as antibiotic resistance, among bacteria. Transduction is one of the three main methods of horizontal gene transfer, alongside transformation and conjugation.
GENERALIZED TRANSDUCTION- Is the type of transduction in which a fragment of DNA from the degraded chromosome of an infected bacteria cell is accidentally incorporated into a new phage particle during viral replication and thereby transfered to another bacterial cell. specialized- is the type in which the bacterial DNA transduced is limited to one or a few genes lying adjacent to a pro-phage that are accidentally included when the phage is excised from the bacterial chromosome.
You might see an extra chromosome or a missing chromosome. You might see a piece of a chromosome missing, or a piece added onto another chromosome.
Chromosome
There are two sex chromosomes: the X chromosome and the Y chromosome. During fertilization, the mother always gives an X chromosome and the father gives either another X chromosome or a Y chromosome. Therefore, all humans have at least one X chromosome.
Deletion: Part of a chromosome is missing. Duplication: A segment of a chromosome is copied multiple times. Inversion: A segment of a chromosome is reversed in orientation. Translocation: Part of a chromosome breaks off and attaches to another chromosome.
Most bacteria have a single chromosome.Its DNA is described as circular, because it is in the form of a loop. There are also small rings of DNA called plasmids, but these are not classed as chromosomes.The cholera bacterium, Vibrio cholerae, has two chromosomes.