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The lower surface of the leaf has the stomata.

You can see the reason for this if you cut a leaf in half from upper side to lower side. The upper portion of the leaf consists of tightly packed cells that are full of chloroplasts for taking in light.

The lower half of the leaf is made up of loosely arranged cells. This allows room for air to enter the lower part of the leaf through the stomata and contribute carbon dioxide and take away oxygen.

The upper surface of the leaf is covered by the cuticle which prevents dehydration, as such the stomata cannot be located or function on the upper surface

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