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Why Streptomyces and Penicillium have evolved to produce antibacterial chemicals?

Streptomyces and Penicillium produce antibacterial chemicals as a means of competition with other microorganisms in their environment. This allows them to gain a competitive advantage for resources and space. The production of these antibacterial chemicals increases their chances of survival and reproduction.


What is meant by specific defense?

Specific defense refers to the immune response that targets a specific pathogen or foreign substance, utilizing specialized immune cells and proteins tailored to recognize and eliminate that particular threat. This type of defense provides a more targeted and efficient response compared to innate immunity.


Why do moles have hair on their bodies?

Moles have hair on their bodies for insulation and protection. The hair helps regulate their body temperature and provides a layer of defense against predators and the elements.


What organ provides the first line of defense against infection?

The skin acts as the first line of defense against infection by creating a physical barrier to pathogens. It contains antimicrobial peptides and sebaceous glands that help protect against harmful microorganisms.


What type of tissue provides the most protection for the plant?

The epidermis tissue, which is the outermost layer of plant tissue, provides the most protection by forming a protective barrier against physical damage, pathogens, and water loss. This tissue is covered by a waxy cuticle that helps prevent dehydration and serves as a defense against environmental stresses.