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What is the mechanism by which protein kinase A is activated by the second messenger?
Protein kinase A is activated by the second messenger through a process called phosphorylation. When the second messenger binds to the regulatory subunit of protein kinase A, it causes a conformational change that releases the catalytic subunit. This released catalytic subunit is then able to phosphorylate target proteins, leading to various cellular responses.
The substance that strengthens and waterproofs cell walls is?
The substance that strengthens and waterproofs cell walls is called lignin. Lignin is a complex polymer that provides structural support to plant cells and helps to make the cell walls rigid and impermeable to water.
What is the link between a first messenger and a second messenger in a cell that responds to peptide hormones?
Peptide hormones bind to cell surface receptors, activating signaling pathways that involve the generation of second messengers within the cell. The first messenger (peptide hormone) triggers the activation of specific proteins or enzymes that then generate the second messenger molecules, such as cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) or inositol trisphosphate (IP3), initiating a cascade of cellular responses.
What type of hormone characteristically requires a second messenger?
First messengers may not physically cross the phospholipid bilayer cell membrane to initiate changes within the cell directly and so require a secondary messenger. Second messengers may be coupled downstream to multi-cyclic kinase cascades to greatly amplify the strength of the original first messenger signal.Calcium ions are one type of second messengers and are responsible for many important physiological functions including muscle contraction, fertilization and neurotransmitter release.cAMP is also a second messenger.First messengers may not physically cross the phospholipid bilayer cell membrane to initiate changes within the cell directly and so require a secondary messenger.
Does direct gene activation involve a second-messenger system?
No, direct gene activation typically does not involve a second-messenger system. Direct gene activation involves specific transcription factors binding directly to gene promoter regions to regulate gene expression. Second-messenger systems are typically involved in signal transduction pathways that lead to changes in protein activity or cell function, rather than directly activating genes.
What was the second NASA mission to Mercury called?
"Messenger".
What is a molecule that is generated when a specific substance attaches to a receptor on the outside of a cell membrane which produces a change in cellular function?
Second messengerSecond Messenger
What are the five clues that suggests a chemical reaction is taking place?
first when there's a physical change in the substance second there will be a solution or a formula to that substance third is, it involves temperature fourth is change in color of the substance fifth is the bubbling of another substance is yet an another clue that a chemical reaction has occured.
What is the mechanism by which protein kinase A is activated by the second messenger?
Protein kinase A is activated by the second messenger through a process called phosphorylation. When the second messenger binds to the regulatory subunit of protein kinase A, it causes a conformational change that releases the catalytic subunit. This released catalytic subunit is then able to phosphorylate target proteins, leading to various cellular responses.
What does a second messenger always do?
read it:)
Cellular responses to hormones that initiate second-messenger systems include?
Possible activation of several different second messenger systems.
What is the substance in helium?
Helium is a chemical element with the symbol He and atomic number 2. It is a colorless, odorless, tasteless, non-toxic, and inert gas. Helium is the second lightest and second most abundant element in the observable universe.
Which class of molecules functions are chemical signals?
peptides(poly),gases,neurotransmitters,neuropeptides,steroid hormones ...etc.
What can the coefficients in a balanced chemical equation always express the ratio of?
Moles of one substance compared to moles of the second substance. Ex. moles of reactant A compared to moles pf product F
What is a biological messenger?
Biological messengers are molecules thatÊtransmit information about cells to the receptor. They are also called neurotransmitters, first messengers, or second messengers.
The substance that strengthens and waterproofs cell walls is?
The substance that strengthens and waterproofs cell walls is called lignin. Lignin is a complex polymer that provides structural support to plant cells and helps to make the cell walls rigid and impermeable to water.
What does the state symbol (s) mean when written after a chemical compound in a chemical equation?
There are three common state symbols for chemical formulae. The first is (s) which is solid, the second is (g) which is gaseous, and the third is (aq) which denotes aqueous, or in a liquid solution.
