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Some mutations have no or little effect due to the redundancy of the DNA code.

DNA consists of pairs of codons, which are made up of 4 different types of nitrogenous bases. Therefore, DNA is able provide enough unique codes for 4x4x4=64 different amino acids. However, only 20 types of amino acids exist, which indicates that 19/20 of those amino acids have at least more than 1 codon to encode it.

For example; If the codon ACU mutated to ACC, how that that affect the protein?
Well, it would not effect the protein at all, because both ACU and ACC encode the amino acid threonine.

In addition, some amino acids have very similar properties to other amino acids. Even if amino acid X was replaced with amino acid Y, the effect on the protein may be small or non-existing if X and Y share similar properties.

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15y ago

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