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How is light energy processed in the light reaction of photosynthesis?
In simple terms, photosynthesis is the conversion of carbon dioxide (CO2) to carbohydrate (CH2O). To do this two things are needed: energy to drive the reaction and a source of hydrogen. The light reaction of photosynthesis produces two essential substances: ATP and NADPH. ATP provides the energy for the conversion of CO2 to CH2O, and NADPH provides the hydrogen. The light reaction depends on groups of chlorophyll molecules, called photosystems, absorbing light energy. The energy is used to eject high energy electrons from the chlorophyll. The energy in the electrons is then used to make ATP and NADPH. There are two photosystems, called photosystem I (PSI) and photosystem II (PSII), which work in sequence. (PSII comes before PSI in the sequence, but they were discovered and named in the reverse order!). PSII absorbs light and emits a high energy electron. The energetic electron then passes down a series of molecules, called an electron transport chain (ETC), releasing energy as it goes (you can visualise it as a ball bouncing down a set of stairs, losing energy as it falls). The energy released is used to make the energy carrier compound ATP. To replace the electrons lost from chlorophyll in PSII water (H2O) is split into hydrogen ions (H+), electrons (e-) and oxygen atoms (O): H2O = 2H+ + 2e- + O This is the source of the oxygen released by photosynthesis. The second photosystem, PSI, also absorbs light and emits a high energy electron from chlorophyll. The energy in this electron is used to drive the synthesis of NADPH from NADP+ ,hydrogen ions (H+) and electrons (e-): NADP+ + 2H+ + 2e- = NADPH + H+ The hydrogen ions needed for this come from the water which was split by PSII. The electrons lost from the chlorophyll in PSI are replaced by the electrons ejected from PSII. The result of all this is that light energy is converted into chemical energy in ATP, water is split to provide the hydrogen needed to make NADPH, and oxygen is released as a waste product. The ATP and NADPH are then used in the light independent reaction (the Calvin cycle) to concert carbon dioxide into carbohydrate.
What is the source of H for the Calvin cycle in photosynthesis?
The source of hydrogen (H) for the Calvin cycle in photosynthesis comes from water molecules. During the light-dependent reactions, water is split by the enzyme complex in the thylakoid membrane, releasing oxygen, protons (H+), and electrons. The electrons are then used to reduce NADP+ to NADPH, providing the reducing power needed for the Calvin cycle to convert carbon dioxide into carbohydrates.
What forms the sides of DNA ladder?
The sides of the DNA ladder are formed by alternating sugar and phosphate molecules. These sugar-phosphate backbones run parallel to each other on opposite sides of the double helix structure of the DNA molecule.
How long will dark reactions run in the absence of light?
Dark reactions can continue to run in the absence of light since they are not dependent on light energy for their process. These reactions, such as the Calvin cycle, use the products of the light-dependent reactions to convert carbon dioxide into sugar molecules. Therefore, they can occur in the dark as long as the necessary molecules and enzymes are present.
What does antiparallel mean?
Antiparallel refers to a configuration where two molecules or structures run in opposite directions. In terms of DNA, antiparallel describes the orientation of the two strands running in opposite 5' to 3' directions. This allows for complementary base pairing to occur between the strands.
Why are the electrons important?
WHY is is what makes up an atom which makes up molecules which makes up us in the long run
Why doesnt chlorophyll run out of electrons during the electron transport chain?
The reduced quinone (QH2) is reoxidized to Q by complex III of the respiratory electron-transport chain (Section 18.3.3).
How is it that the light reactions do not run out of electrons?
The light reactions of photosynthesis involve a continuous flow of electrons through the electron transport chain, which is replenished by splitting water molecules to release more electrons. This process ensures a constant supply of electrons to keep the reactions running.
How was an medievil castle run?
they dont have legs so they dont run!?!?!?!?!?!
How do you choose where to run in the Wii fit run?
you dont run oops sorry i dont know
How is light energy processed in the light reaction of photosynthesis?
In simple terms, photosynthesis is the conversion of carbon dioxide (CO2) to carbohydrate (CH2O). To do this two things are needed: energy to drive the reaction and a source of hydrogen. The light reaction of photosynthesis produces two essential substances: ATP and NADPH. ATP provides the energy for the conversion of CO2 to CH2O, and NADPH provides the hydrogen. The light reaction depends on groups of chlorophyll molecules, called photosystems, absorbing light energy. The energy is used to eject high energy electrons from the chlorophyll. The energy in the electrons is then used to make ATP and NADPH. There are two photosystems, called photosystem I (PSI) and photosystem II (PSII), which work in sequence. (PSII comes before PSI in the sequence, but they were discovered and named in the reverse order!). PSII absorbs light and emits a high energy electron. The energetic electron then passes down a series of molecules, called an electron transport chain (ETC), releasing energy as it goes (you can visualise it as a ball bouncing down a set of stairs, losing energy as it falls). The energy released is used to make the energy carrier compound ATP. To replace the electrons lost from chlorophyll in PSII water (H2O) is split into hydrogen ions (H+), electrons (e-) and oxygen atoms (O): H2O = 2H+ + 2e- + O This is the source of the oxygen released by photosynthesis. The second photosystem, PSI, also absorbs light and emits a high energy electron from chlorophyll. The energy in this electron is used to drive the synthesis of NADPH from NADP+ ,hydrogen ions (H+) and electrons (e-): NADP+ + 2H+ + 2e- = NADPH + H+ The hydrogen ions needed for this come from the water which was split by PSII. The electrons lost from the chlorophyll in PSI are replaced by the electrons ejected from PSII. The result of all this is that light energy is converted into chemical energy in ATP, water is split to provide the hydrogen needed to make NADPH, and oxygen is released as a waste product. The ATP and NADPH are then used in the light independent reaction (the Calvin cycle) to concert carbon dioxide into carbohydrate.
What not to do during a hurricane?
Dont panic!..., Dont run away in circles. Dont run toward the hurricane it will kill you!
What should you do if you run from a cop?
Dont run.
How do fish run?
They dont run,they swim
How do crocodiles run?
they dont..
What do you do if the prisoner doesn't run to you?
Run after them but dont let it consume you
Why doesn't the photo-system run out of electrons?
Because electrons are obtained from water. Process is called photolysis
