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Why is replication on one strand of DNA continuous while on the other strand the replication must be discontinuous?
New strands of DNA can only be created in one direction - 5' to 3'. This is because only the 3' end of the DNA is able to join to a new nucleotide.
The two strands of DNA are antiparallel - meaning they run in different directions. Therefore only one strand (called the leading strand) is running in the correct direction for continuous replication. The other strand (called the lagging strand) must first be looped around so that small sections can be replicated in the correct direction.
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In which direction does replication occur 3 to 5 or 5 to 3?
Replication occurs in the 5' to 3' direction. The new DNA strand is synthesized in the 5' to 3' direction, while the parental template strand acts as the template for this synthesis. This directionality allows for continuous synthesis on one strand (leading strand) and discontinuous synthesis on the other strand (lagging strand).
What is the significance of the 3' to 5' directionality in DNA replication and how does it impact the synthesis of new DNA strands?
The 3' to 5' directionality in DNA replication is significant because DNA polymerase can only add new nucleotides to the 3' end of the growing DNA strand. This means that DNA replication occurs in a continuous manner on one strand (leading strand) and in a discontinuous manner on the other strand (lagging strand), resulting in the formation of Okazaki fragments. These fragments are later joined together by DNA ligase to form a complete new DNA strand.
What is the significance of the DNA 5' and 3' ends in genetic replication and transcription processes?
The 5' and 3' ends of DNA are important in genetic replication and transcription because they determine the direction in which the DNA is read and copied. During replication, the DNA polymerase enzyme can only add new nucleotides to the 3' end of the growing strand, resulting in a continuous synthesis of one strand (leading strand) and a discontinuous synthesis of the other strand (lagging strand). In transcription, the 3' end serves as the starting point for RNA synthesis, allowing for the creation of messenger RNA (mRNA) that carries genetic information from the DNA to the ribosomes for protein synthesis.
What is the significance of the 5' and 3' ends of DNA in the process of genetic replication and transcription?
The 5' and 3' ends of DNA are important in genetic replication and transcription because they determine the direction in which the DNA strand is read and copied. During replication, the DNA polymerase enzyme can only add new nucleotides to the 3' end of the growing strand, resulting in a continuous synthesis of one strand (leading strand) and a discontinuous synthesis of the other strand (lagging strand). In transcription, the RNA polymerase enzyme reads the DNA template in the 3' to 5' direction and synthesizes the RNA molecule in the 5' to 3' direction. This ensures that the genetic information is accurately transcribed and translated into proteins.
What is the definition of a lagging strand?
A lagging strand is one of two strands of DNA found at the replication fork, or junction, in the double helix; the other strand is called the leading strand. A lagging strand requires a slight delay before undergoing replication, and it must undergo replication discontinuously in small fragments.
In which direction does replication occur 3 to 5 or 5 to 3?
Replication occurs in the 5' to 3' direction. The new DNA strand is synthesized in the 5' to 3' direction, while the parental template strand acts as the template for this synthesis. This directionality allows for continuous synthesis on one strand (leading strand) and discontinuous synthesis on the other strand (lagging strand).
What is the significance of the 3' to 5' directionality in DNA replication and how does it impact the synthesis of new DNA strands?
The 3' to 5' directionality in DNA replication is significant because DNA polymerase can only add new nucleotides to the 3' end of the growing DNA strand. This means that DNA replication occurs in a continuous manner on one strand (leading strand) and in a discontinuous manner on the other strand (lagging strand), resulting in the formation of Okazaki fragments. These fragments are later joined together by DNA ligase to form a complete new DNA strand.
What DNA replication enzyme attaches okazaki fragments as a continuous strand of DNA?
Ligase joins okazaki fragments to each other to form a continuous strand of DNA
What is the significance of the DNA 5' and 3' ends in genetic replication and transcription processes?
The 5' and 3' ends of DNA are important in genetic replication and transcription because they determine the direction in which the DNA is read and copied. During replication, the DNA polymerase enzyme can only add new nucleotides to the 3' end of the growing strand, resulting in a continuous synthesis of one strand (leading strand) and a discontinuous synthesis of the other strand (lagging strand). In transcription, the 3' end serves as the starting point for RNA synthesis, allowing for the creation of messenger RNA (mRNA) that carries genetic information from the DNA to the ribosomes for protein synthesis.
What is the significance of the 5' and 3' ends of DNA in the process of genetic replication and transcription?
The 5' and 3' ends of DNA are important in genetic replication and transcription because they determine the direction in which the DNA strand is read and copied. During replication, the DNA polymerase enzyme can only add new nucleotides to the 3' end of the growing strand, resulting in a continuous synthesis of one strand (leading strand) and a discontinuous synthesis of the other strand (lagging strand). In transcription, the RNA polymerase enzyme reads the DNA template in the 3' to 5' direction and synthesizes the RNA molecule in the 5' to 3' direction. This ensures that the genetic information is accurately transcribed and translated into proteins.
What is the definition of a lagging strand?
A lagging strand is one of two strands of DNA found at the replication fork, or junction, in the double helix; the other strand is called the leading strand. A lagging strand requires a slight delay before undergoing replication, and it must undergo replication discontinuously in small fragments.
There is a y shaped replication fork on each side of each replication bubble what are the sides of the replication fork called?
One is known as the Leading strand, and the other is known as the Lagging strand.
At each replication fork one new strand of DNA is made of many small pieces. what is the strand of DNA called?
When the two parent strands of DNA are separated to begin replication, one strand is oriented in the 5' to 3' direction while the other strand is oriented in the 3' to 5' direction. DNA replication, however, is inflexible: the enzyme that carries out the replication, DNA polymerase, only functions in the 5' to 3' direction. This characteristic of DNA polymerase means that the daughter strands synthesize through different methods, one adding nucleotides one by one in the direction of the replication fork, the other able to add nucleotides only in chunks. The first strand, which replicates nucleotides one by one is called the leading strand; the other strand, which replicates in chunks, is called the lagging strand. The lagging strand replicates in small segments, called Okazaki fragments. These fragments are stretches of 100 to 200 nucleotides in humans (1000 to 2000 in bacteria).
What is a discontinuous film?
A film which is not continuous. In other words, there are breaks, gaps or other interruptions in the film. For example, if the material was conductive, a discontinuous film of that material would not conduct because of the breaks in the film.
What are types of variations?
There are 2 types of variation: Continuous and Discontinuous. Continuous: Has slight differences that grade into each other. Usually has quantitative/measurable characteristics. e.g Human height/weight... Discontinuous: It has discrete differences which have a clear cut- they do not merge into each other. e.g. human blood...
If you compare the original DNA to the two copies that are made after replication occurs what would you find?
Unless mutation occur the two copies of DNA that are made after replication are identical to its original form. Thus continuous replication of DNA in the chromosomes does not alter its nature.
What is the significance of the 5' to 3' directionality in DNA replication and how does it impact the synthesis of new DNA strands?
The 5' to 3' directionality in DNA replication is significant because DNA polymerase, the enzyme responsible for building new DNA strands, can only add nucleotides in the 5' to 3' direction. This means that the new DNA strand is synthesized in a continuous manner on one strand (leading strand) and in short fragments on the other strand (lagging strand). This impacts the synthesis of new DNA strands by ensuring that the genetic information is accurately copied and maintained during cell division.
