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What is the general term for lipids synthesized from isoprene units?
Terpenes are derived biosynthetically from units of isoprene, which has the molecular formula C5H8. The basic molecular formulae of terpenes are multiples of that, (C5H8)n where n is the number of linked isoprene units. This is called the isoprene rule or the C5 rule. The isoprene units may be linked together "head to tail" to form linear chains or they may be arranged to form rings. One can consider the isoprene unit as one of nature's common building blocks.Isoprene itself does not undergo the building process, but rather activated forms, isopentenyl pyrophosphate (IPP or also isopentenyl diphosphate) and dimethylallyl pyrophosphate (DMAPP or also dimethylallyl diphosphate), are the components in the biosynthetic pathway. IPP is formed from acetyl-CoA via the intermediacy of mevalonic acid in the HMG-CoA reductase pathway. An alternative, totally unrelated biosynthesis pathway of IPP is known in some bacterial groups and the plastids of plants, the so-called MEP(2-Methyl-D-erythritol-4-phosphate)-pathway, which is initiated from C5-sugars. In both pathways, IPP is isomerized to DMAPP by the enzyme isopentenyl pyrophosphate isomerase. Dimethylallyl pyrophosphateIsopentenyl pyrophosphate
What is the purpose of the hatch-slack pathway?
C4 fixation is an elaboration of the more common C3 carbon fixation and is believed to have evolved more recently. and CAM overcome the tendency of the enzyme RuBisCoto wastefully fix oxygen rather than carbon dioxide in what is called photorespiration. This is achieved by using a more efficient enzyme to fix in mesophyll cells and shuttling this fixed carbon via malate or asparate to bundle-sheath cells. In these bundle-sheath cells, RuBisCO is isolated from atmospheric oxygen and saturated with the released by decarboxilation of the malate or oxaloacetate. These additional steps, however, require more energy in the form of ATP. Because of this extra energy requirement, plants are able to more efficiently fix carbon in only certain conditions, with the more common pathway being more efficient in other conditions.
Why do chemists prefer to read the absorbance rather than the percent transmittance of lght when analyzing a sample having a visible color?
Chemists prefer to read the absorbance rather than the percent transmittance of light when analyzing a sample with a visible color because absorbance is directly proportional to concentration according to the Beer-Lambert Law. This allows for more accurate quantification of the sample's components. In contrast, percent transmittance may not provide a linear response and can be influenced by factors beyond just concentration, such as the color of the sample itself.
What is the evolutionary ladder in order?
The concept of an "evolutionary ladder" or linear progression in evolution is outdated. Evolution is better understood as a branching tree where different species evolve in response to their environments, rather than progressing towards a single goal. Each species is adapted to its specific niche, and there is no hierarchy in terms of evolutionary advancement.
What is the advantage of using a metabolic pathway to burn glucose?
1. the energy is released gradually, which allows a significant amount of the released energy to be conserved for the cell to use rather than being lost as heat. 2. additionally, the process generates intermediate compounds into the metabolic pathways (divert surplus intermediate compounds into the metabolic pathways that best meet the organism's constantly changing needs)
Is meiosis cyclic or non cyclic?
Meiosis is not cyclic; rather it is a linear process. It does not cycle.
Is urea aliphatic or aromatic?
Urea is considered aliphatic because it is composed of carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen atoms arranged in a linear structure, rather than in a cyclic aromatic structure.
What is a cyclic hydrocarbon?
It is a ring formed carbon skeleton. The smallest possible cyclic hydrocarbon is cyclopropane (triangular C3H6) together with cyclobutane both being rather unstable (degration to linear propene and 1-butene). Five and six membered rings are quite common. The most 'famous' cyclic hydrocarbon is the aromatics-group of benzene, which is the cyclic 'honeycomb' formed 1,3,5-cyclohexatriene C6H6 (and derivatives).
Is the ATP cp pathway considered the aerobic pathway?
no, it is anaerobic metabolism. (without oxygen, rather than with oxygen.)
Is citric acid a class II preservative?
No, citric acid is not considered a class II preservative. It is primarily used as a flavoring and acidifying agent in food and beverages, rather than for its preservative properties.
Do dried cranberries have a lot of a acid in them?
Yes, they are rather highly acidic. Mostly malic acid and citric acid.
Why is neither oxygen or nadph generated by cyclic electron flow?
Cyclic electron flow occurs in photosystem I and involves the recycling of electrons within the photosystem, resulting in the production of ATP but not NADPH or oxygen. The electrons are cycled back to the electron transport chain to support ATP production, rather than being transferred to NADP+ to generate NADPH for the Calvin cycle.
Is pathway a sensory word?
No, "pathway" is not typically considered a sensory word since it primarily conveys a physical or metaphorical route or direction rather than appealing to the senses like taste, touch, sight, smell, or sound.
How do you tell whether the relationship between two variables is linear?
By definition, if you graph the relationship between two variables and the result is a straight line (of whatever slope) that is a linear relationship. If it is a curve, rather than a straight line, then it is not linear.
What country does citric acid come from?
Citric acid is produced commercially through a fermentation process using certain types of mold, rather than being sourced from any specific country. However, historically, citric acid was first isolated from citrus fruits, which is where its name originates, but today it is largely produced through industrial methods.
What is the equivalent of linear yards?
If you buy something sold in linear yards, then it will be a role of material (or carpet etc) that is sold by a length as it comes off the roll rather than by its area measurement.
How does enzymes speed up chemical reactions?
The way enzymes speed up chemical/biochemical reactions is the same way that catalysts work. They provide an alternate pathway for the reaction which has a LOWER activation energy. They don't actually decrease the activation energy of the pathway in question, but rather they provide a different pathway that has a lower energy of activation.
