you have first to know the thermal conductivity of PPR that you are dealing with. normally, this is in range between 0.1 to 0.24 W/MK .then you apply this formula Q(IN WATTS) =Thermal Conductivity/MK)*A( surface area for the pipe M2 )temperature difference between fluid inside pipe and temprture of pipe surface K)/(thickness of the pipe M)
The purpose is because the water pressure hydrauls the water and causes it to multiply to the power, therefore it makes the water stronger, making it easier to turn off the fire
90
The open channel flow has a free surface whereas the pipe flow has a closed surface.
Water would boil higher at the top of a mountain than at sea level. This is because there is less atmospheric pressure at higher elevations.
it is calculater by
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When the pump is not running, the water pressure at the output pipe of the pump will be equal to the static pressure of the water source acting on the pipe. This static pressure varies depending on the elevation and depth of the water source.
If water is flowing through pipe, no head pressure can build up. Blocking off flow of water will create head pressure in pipe as long as pipe is vertical. A vertical column of water creates head pressure.
Yes, as long as the water coming out of the pipe has a greater pressure than the water that is covering the pipe. If it is the other way around, the water covering the pipe will actually flow into the pipe. Think about it. It just makes sense.
The pressure will rise, but you haven't given us anyvolume or pressure figures to begin with .
negative pressure is needed for a sustained flow of water in a pipe.
A pressure difference between two points along the pipe is necessary for the sustained flow of water. This pressure difference creates a driving force that pushes the water through the pipe, overcoming frictional resistance and allowing for continuous flow.
The water pressure within the pipe forces water out through the leak, resulting in the fountain effect. The escaping water creates upward pressure due to the restriction of the leak, causing the water to rise out of the pipe.
depends on the pressure pushing through the pipe
the answer would be 48 m/s
Erosion / pipe bursting /pressure vessel failures