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Future Value Calculator?
Future Value Calculator Use this calculator to determine the future value of an investment which can include an initial deposit and a stream of periodic deposits.
CD Ladder Calculator?
CD Ladder Calculator Use this calculator to examine the benefits of investing in a series of Certificates of Deposits with different maturities, also called a CD Ladder. With a CD Ladder, you can benefit from higher interest rates for longer maturities, while achieving better liquidity, rather than investing in a single long-term CD.
What is the difference between futures and forwards?
Forwards Contract:A forward contract is the simplest of the Derivative products. It is a mutual agreement between two parties, in which the buyer agrees to buy a quantity of an asset at a specific price from the seller at a future date. The Price of the contract does not change before delivery. These type of contracts are binding, which means both the buyer and seller must stay committed to the contract. This means they are bound to deliver or take delivery of the product on which the forward contract was agreed upon. Forwards contracts are very useful in hedging.Important Characteristics of Forwards Contracts:1. They are Over the counter (OTC) contracts2. Both the buyer and seller are bound by the contractual terms3. The Price remains fixedLimitations of Forwards contracts:1. Lack of centralized trading. Any two individuals can enter into a forwards contract2. Lack of Liquidity3. Counterparty risk - The case wherein either the buyer or seller does not honour his end of the contract.Futures Contract:A futures contract is an agreement to buy or sell an asset at a certain time in the future at a specific price. The Contractual terms of the futures contracts are very clear. The Futures market was designed to solve the shortcomings in the forwards contracts. Unlike forwards, futures are traded in organized exchanges. They also use a clearing house that provides the necessary protection to both the buyer and the seller. The price of the futures contract can change prior to delivery. Hence, both participants must settle daily price changes as per the contract values.An Example of a futures contract would be an agreement to 100 tonnes of Steel at Rs. 10000/- per tonne at some date say in December 2008. If no interim payments are made and if the price of Steel moves violently, a considerable credit risk could build up. To avoid this a margin system is used by the exchanges. As per the margin system, both parties must deposit a small sum with the exchange. This amount will be a small percentage of the total contract. This amount is called the initial margin. As the steel value changes, the contract value also changes. If the contract value changes, the margin must be topped up by an amount corresponding to the change in price of steel. The margin money is the property of the person who deposits it and would be returned to them if the contract gets cancelled/completed.Characteristics of Futures contract:1. They are traded in organized exchanges2. Credit risk is eliminated with the margin system. Both parties deposit a portion of the contract with the clearing house.3. Both the buyer and seller are bound by the contract terms and are expected to honour their end of the contract.
Hypercalcemia?
DefinitionHypercalcemia is too much calcium in the blood.Causes, incidence, and risk factorsCalcium is important to many body functions, including:Bone formationHormone releaseMuscle contractionNerve and brain functionParathyroid hormone (PTH) and vitamin D help manage calcium balance in the body. PTH is made by the parathyroid glands -- four small glands located in the neck behind the thyroid gland. Vitamin D is obtained when the skin is exposed to sunlight, and from dietary sources such as:Egg yolksFishFortified cerealsFortified dairy productsPrimary hyperparathyroidism is the most common cause of hypercalcemia. It is due to excess PTH release by the parathyroid glands. This excess occurs due to an enlargement of one or more of the parathyroid glands, or a growth (usually not cancer) on one of the glands.Other medical conditions can also cause hypercalcemia:Adrenal glandfailureBeing bedbound (or not being able to move) for a long period of timeCalcium excess in the diet (called milk-alkali syndrome, usually due to at least 2,000 milligrams of calcium per day)An inherited condition that affects the body's ability to regulate calcium (familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia)HyperthyroidismKidney failureMedications such as lithium and thiazide diuretics (water pills)Some cancerous tumors (for example, lung cancers, breast cancer)Vitamin D excess (hypervitaminosis D) from diet or inflammatory diseasesHypercalcemia affects less than 1 percent of the population. The widespread ability to measure blood calcium since the 1960s has improved detection of the condition, and today most patients with hypercalcemia have no symptoms.Women over age 50 are most likely to have hypercalcemia, usually due to primary hyperparathyroidism.SymptomsAbdominal:ConstipationNauseaPainPoor appetiteVomitingKidney:Flank painFrequent thirstFrequent urinationMuscular:Muscle twitchesWeaknessPsychological:ApathyDementiaDepressionIrritabilityMemory lossSkeletal:Bone painBowing of the shouldersFractures due to disease (pathological fractures)Loss of heightSpinal column curvatureSigns and testsSerum calciumSerum PTHSerum PTHrP (PTH-related protein)Serum vitamin D levelUrine calciumTreatmentTreatment is directed at the cause of hypercalcemia whenever possible. In more severe cases of primary hyperparathyroidism, surgery may be needed to remove the abnormal parathyroid gland(s) and cure the hypercalcemia.However, if your hypercalcemia is mild and caused by primary hyperparathyroidism, your health care provider will most likely recommend that you not have surgery, but will monitor your condition closely over time.Severe hypercalcemia that causes symptoms and requires a hospital stay is treated with the following:CalcitoninDialysisDiuretic medication, such as furosemideDrugs that stop bone breakdown and absorption by the body, such as pamidronate or etidronate (bisphosphonates)Fluids through a vein (intravenous fluids)Glucocorticoids (steroids)Expectations (prognosis)How well you do depends on the cause of hypercalcemia. Patients with mild hyperparathyroidism or hypercalcemia with a treatable cause do well and do not have complications.Patients with hypercalcemia due to conditions such as cancer or granulomatous disease may not do well, but this is usually due to the disease itself, rather than the hypercalcemia.ComplicationsGastrointestinalPancreatitisPeptic ulcerdiseaseKidneyCalcium deposits in the kidney (nephrocalcinosis)DehydrationHigh blood pressureKidney failureKidney stonesPsychologicalDepressionDifficulty concentrating or thinkingSkeletalBone cystsFracturesOsteoporosisThe complications of long-term hypercalcemia are uncommon today.Calling your health care providerContact your physician or health care provider if you have:Family history of hypercalcemiaFamily history of hyperparathyroidismSymptoms of hypercalcemiaPreventionMost causes of hypercalcemia cannot be prevented. Women over age 50 should see their health care provider regularly and have their blood calcium level checked if they have symptoms of hypercalcemia.You can avoid hypercalcemia from calcium and vitamin D supplements by contacting your health care provider for advice about the dose if you are taking supplements without a prescription.ReferencesBringhurst R, Demay MB, Kronenberg HM. Hormones and disorders of mineral metabolism. In: Williams Textbook of Endocrinology. 11th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2008:chap 27.Wysolmerski JJ, Insogna KL. The parathyroid glands, hypercalcemia, and hypocalcemia. In: Goldman L, Ausiello D, eds. Cecil Medicine. 23rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier;2007:chap 266.
What are metastatic deposits on the spine?
A metastatic deposit is the spread of cancer from the primary tumor. This spread is done via blood or lymph fluid.
What is a metastatic peritoneal implant?
A metastatic peritoneal implant is a tumor that has branched off from an original tumor in the body. Think of it as a tree that deposits its seeds on the ground like the oak tree drops acorns. A medical professional can be more specific as to the type of tumor.
How are cancers classified?
Metastatic and non metastatic.
What disseminated malignancies has worst prognosis 1 metastatic breast cancer 2 metastatic choriocarcinoma 3 metastatic seminoma 4hodgkin lymphoma 5 non hodgkin lymph?
metastatic breast cancer
Are metastatic brain tumors deadly?
yes, metastatic brain tumors can be deadly if not treated properly.
What is a metastatic foci?
by DonJuanDaDj, metastatic foci is an orgin of the cancer cells that has moved to a new site
When is radiation used to treat metastatic colon cancer?
Radiation also is used in the treatment of patients with metastatic disease. It is particularly useful in shrinking metastatic colon cancer to the brain.
Is metastatic SOL's in brain is same as brain cancer?
Metastatic SOL's or tumors found in the brain are same as brain cancer. Metastatic tumors are one of the most common type of tumors found in the brain.
What is neoplasm metastatic disease?
Neoplasm means tumor, and metastatic means the tumor has spread. Taken together, they mean cancer.
How does it relate to metastatic breast cancer?
it is cancer that is how
What is rule out metastatic disease?
to make sure that the disease will not
What does metastatic adenopathy of the lungs mean?
what is hilar adenopathy
