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Mercury (Hg)

Historically, Mercury was used extensively in hydraulic gold mining in order to help the gold to sink through the flowing water-gravel mixture. Thin mercury particles may form mercury-gold amalgam and therefore increase the gold recovery rates. Large scale use of mercury stopped in the 1960s. However, mercury is still used in small scale, often clandestine, gold prospection. Total use of mercury in placer mining in California has been estimated to more than 4500 tons (10,000,000 lbs). Mercury was also used in silver mining. And in the process of gilding (gold plating) silver plate.

Cyanide (HCN)

Cyanide solutions are used in the extraction of gold from low grade ore. The reaction in the Elsner Equation is as follows :

4Au + 8NaCN + O2 + 2H2O -> 4NaAu(CN)2 + NaOH

The gold is then recovered from the the soluble aurocyanide complex by plating out.

An Aside: Walking across tailings area you can smell the sweet cyanide aroma

Aqua Regia (HNO3 + HCl Solution)

This is the historic method of dissolving gold . Higraders in gold camps ofhen are found by watching chimneys to see the brown nitrous fumes from boilling off the acid to recover the gold.

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15y ago

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