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Atoms of Magnesium have 12 electrons. Elements in the periodic table with a neutral charge must all have a number of electrons equal to the number of protons in the nucleus. Since Magnesium has an atomic number of 12, and the atomic number is also known as the PROTON number, then it must also have 12 electrons to balance out the charge.

Magnesium has an Atomic Mass of about 24 - the other 12 units of mass being made up of neutrons.

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