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using fractional distillation. first crude oil is heated up until it turned to gas and the residue (bitumen) goes through the most bottom pipe to be used for tar macing roads. The fractionating column has different fraction that are at different temperatures (gets colder as you go up). And because hydrocarbons got different boiling point (the longer the hydrocarbon, the higher the boiling point), the gas then travels up and as certain hydrocarbons got to the fraction below their boiling point they turn from gas to liquid and go through the pipe to be used.

The fractional distillation goes in this order:-

(shortest chain/lowest boiling point)

LPG

Petrol

Paraffin

Light Gas Oil

Diesel

Lubricating Substances

Bitumen

(longest chain/highest boiling point)

Hope this help! (if not don't blame me, I'm only 14!)

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13y ago

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