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using fractional distillation. first crude oil is heated up until it turned to gas and the residue (bitumen) goes through the most bottom pipe to be used for tar macing roads. The fractionating column has different fraction that are at different temperatures (gets colder as you go up). And because hydrocarbons got different boiling point (the longer the hydrocarbon, the higher the boiling point), the gas then travels up and as certain hydrocarbons got to the fraction below their boiling point they turn from gas to liquid and go through the pipe to be used.
The fractional distillation goes in this order:-
(shortest chain/lowest boiling point)
LPG
Petrol
Paraffin
Light Gas Oil
Diesel
Lubricating Substances
Bitumen
(longest chain/highest boiling point)
Hope this help! (if not don't blame me, I'm only 14!)
What else can I help you with?
Do hydrocarbon molecules always contain hydrogen carbon and oxygen atoms?
No.Hydrocarbon molecules contain hydrogen and carbon atoms.It is carbohydrate molecules that contain hydrogen, carbon, and oxygen atoms.
What is a molecule containing only carbon and hydrogen called?
A hydrocarbon.
What are Hydrocarbon molecules are generally what?
Hydrocarbon molecules are organic compounds composed of carbon and hydrogen atoms. They are the simplest form of organic compounds and can vary in size and complexity, from small, simple molecules like methane to larger, more complex molecules like long-chain alkanes or aromatic compounds.
Why don't the hydrocarbon molecules breakdown into hydrogen and carbon atoms when they are heated during fractional distillation?
Hydrocarbons do not break down into their elements when fractionally distilled because the minimum energy necessary for separating the hydrocarbons into their elements is not available from the thermal energy needed to perform fractional distillation.
Why Is Petrol Called Hydrocarbon?
Petrol is called a hydrocarbon because it is primarily composed of molecules containing hydrogen and carbon atoms. The main components of petrol are hydrocarbons such as octane, which is a chain of eight carbon atoms bonded together with hydrogen atoms.
What small hydrocarbon molecules form polymers?
Monomers are small hydrocarbon molecules that form polymers.
Does longer hydrocarbon molecules have higher boiling points than short hydrocarbon molecules?
yes
What are two types of detergent molecule?
The most probable type of a molecules in the detergents is the hydrocarbon molecules and the sodium molecules. The sodium molecules binds to water while the hydrocarbon molecule binds to grease.
What is achieved in the process of cracking?
For anyone who has seen the previous answer ignore the immature remark. "Fuels made from oil mixtures containing large hydrocarbon molecules are not efficient. They do not flow easily and are difficult to ignite. Crude oil often contains too many large hydrocarbon molecules and not enough small hydrocarbon molecules to meet demand - this is where cracking comes in. Cracking allows large hydrocarbon molecules to be broken down into smaller, more useful hydrocarbon molecules. Fractions containing large hydrocarbon molecules are vaporized and passed over a hot catalyst. This breaks chemical bonds in the molecules, and forms smaller hydrocarbon molecules. Cracking is an example of a thermal decomposition reaction." Sources:http://www.bbc.co.uk.education2020.us/
What fuel can be separated from water molecules?
Hydrogen can be separated from water molecules :)
What elements are present in hydrocarbon molecules?
Carbon and Hydrogen
Do short hydrocarbon molecules flow easily?
yes
Are short hydrocarbon molecules volatile?
Yes, short hydrocarbon molecules are typically volatile because they have low molecular weights and weaker intermolecular forces, allowing them to easily evaporate into the air at room temperature. Examples of short hydrocarbon molecules include methane, ethane, and propane.
Is cracking hydrocarbon molecules an endothermic or exothermic reaction?
Cracking hydrocarbon molecules is an endothermic reaction. This process requires energy input to break the chemical bonds in larger hydrocarbon molecules, resulting in smaller molecules, such as alkanes and alkenes. The energy absorbed during cracking exceeds the energy released from the formation of the new bonds in the products, making it endothermic.
Why is hydrocarbon important?
it makes smaller molecules which is more useful.
What type of reaction is cracking an example of?
Thermal Decomposition
What is The insertion of extra atoms or molecules into an unsaturated hydrocarbon?
The insertion of extra atoms or molecules into an unsaturated hydrocarbon is known as hydrocarbon functionalization. This process involves adding new functional groups to the hydrocarbon structure, increasing its reactivity and potential for further chemical reactions. It is commonly used in organic synthesis to create a wide range of compounds with desired properties.
