How are the cataions and anaions formed?

Answer 1

we know that a atom needs 8 electrons in valance shell to or octet configuration ; duplet (2 electrons in outer most shell) , if an atom have atomic number 11 that is sodium and it can be written has 2,8,1 and it losses 1 electron to get duplet confg. as electrons are decreased they become positive ion or cations . anions are formed when number of electrons are increased by gaining electron to get given confg. ex: oxygen , atomic number 8 and written as 2,6 and it gains 2 electrons for octect confg.

This is how ions are formed.

Answer 2

Cations are formed when an atom loses one or more electrons, resulting in a positively charged ion. Anions are formed when an atom gains one or more electrons, leading to a negatively charged ion. This transfer of electrons occurs through chemical reactions involving the sharing or exchanging of electrons between atoms.