How did each scientist define an acid and a base?

Answer 1

There are several commonly-used definitions for acids and bases. Prior to the 20th century, acids were largely viewed as substances containing oxygen and hydrogen which would react with metals. Around the turn of the 20th century, Svante Arrhenius defined an acid as a substance which could dissociate to generate positively-charged hydrogen ions ([H+], later recognized to exist as hydronium ions, [H3O+]) in solution, while a base would dissociate to form negatively-charged hydroxide ions ([OH-]). Johannes Brønsted and Martin Lowry later expanded this definition, with an acid as a proton donor and a base as a proton acceptor. This meant that a substance could be an acid without forming hydronium ions in solution. Around the same time, Gilbert Lewis developed a theory suggesting that an acid is a substance which could accept an electron pair and a that a base is a substance which can donate an electron pair.

Answer 2

Svante Arrhenius was the first to define acids and bases on a molecular level.

Definitions:

Arrhenius acid- produces H+ in water

Arrhenius base- produces OH- ions in water

Answer 3

There are several definitions give for acids and bases, which are give by various scientists.

• The Arrhenius' theory states that acids are compounds that donate protons and bases are compounds that donate hydroxyl ions.
• The Bronsted-Lowry theory states that any compound which can give protons are acids, and bases are compounds which are acceptors of protons given by acids.
• According to the Lewis theory, Lewis bases are compounds which have lone pairs of electrons which will react with compounds which accept those electrons, and the latter compounds are known as Lewis acids.

Answer 4

Acids produce hydronium ions in solution, and bases produce hydroxide ions in solution.

Answer 5

Svante Arrhenius

Answer 6

By using a ph meter