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You can prepare what is called a supersaturated solution. This is a solution that has more solute in it than "should" dissolve at a particular temperature.

  1. Make sure you have a clean and preferably new, unscratched container. Try not to add microscopic scratches to the container when stirring. A new unused glass beaker is ideal and stir with a plastic spatula.
  2. Prepare a saturated solution ie dissolve as much solute as you can into the liquid at a particular temperature.
  3. Heat the solution to a higher temperature. Your choice but 10 - 20 ºC is fine.
  4. Now carefully add more solute and stir. You do not want any solute particles sitting on the base so if you have some, either heat a little more or add a little more liquid.
  5. Cover, you do not want dust particles.
  6. Allow to cool slowly.
  7. You have a supersaturated solution that contains more solid solute than can be dissolved into the liquid. Congratulations.

What can go wrong:

It crystallises before it cools very much. Solution: do not be so ambitious with the change of temperature. It was too great a load for the solution to carry.

One really cool thing to do next is to tap the side of the container, or to scratch the bottom of the beaker with a glass rod, or to drop a single tiny crystal into your supersaturated solution. Bingo, it will instantly drop the extra solute. Why? You provided it with nucleation sites for the crystals to form. It takes a little activation energy for crystals to form, you have to be careful not to provide it when the solution is being prepared. Just a scratch or even a knock will provide the nucleation site or the energy.

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14y ago

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