Carbon-14 forms in the upper atmosphere, when a nitrogen atom is converted to an atom of carbon and atom of hydrogen by the addition of a neutron; 14N + 1n ---> 14C + 1H.
Scientists know that the isotopes Carbon-12 and Carbon-14 are both forms of carbon, but they differ in the number of neutrons they contain. Carbon-12 is the most common form of carbon and is stable, while Carbon-14 is radioactive and is used in radiocarbon dating to determine the age of organic materials.
The substances that are produced are called products.
The 2 things produced by neutralization are salt and water.
At the positive electrode, oxygen gas was produced.
Oxygen is produced in the chloroplasts of plant cells during the process of photosynthesis.
The main limitations of using Carbon14 dating to find the age of something that is carbon base are firstly the possibility that carbon may be absorbed by some things making it more difficult to get an absolutely accurate age and secondly, with Carbon14 only having a half life of 5,568 years the maximum theoretical limit for detection is 100,000 years.
Carbon is a non metallic element. Mass number of it is 12.
Carbon14 dating (isotopic dating)
7 protons, 7 neutrons and 7 electrons
elements exist in more than one form eg carbon 12 and carbon14
scientists use carbon14 and potassium argon to find absolute age of rock
scientists use carbon14 and potassium argon to find absolute age of rock
Cosmic rays bombard the upper atmosphere (see Carbon 14 wiki): "Carbon-14 is produced in the upper layers of the troposphere and the stratosphere by thermal neutrons absorbed by nitrogen atoms. When cosmic rays enter the atmosphere, they undergo various transformations, including the production of neutrons. The resulting neutrons (1n) participate in the following reaction: : 1n + 14N → 14C + 1H"
The half life of C14 is about 5700 years, so items that are a few multiples of this time are suitable for carbon14 dating. Most archaeological items are suitable, and some young fossils.
As carbon-14 decays, it transforms into nitrogen-14 through the process of beta decay. So, the amount of nitrogen-14 increases as carbon-14 decays.
To determine the age of the artifact, you can use the formula for exponential decay of radioactive elements: (N = N_0 \times (1/2)^{t/T}), where N is the final amount (3.1% of the original), N0 is the initial amount (100%), t is the time passed, and T is the half-life (5730 years). By substituting the values, you can solve for t, which will give you the age of the artifact.
In a free market economy, you the owner gets to chose who it is produced by, how it is produced and what is prdouced. In a command economy, the government chooses how it is produced, who it is produced by and what is produced. A mixed economy is mixed with command and free market.