There are 2 parts to the process of creating protein from DNA:
* Transcription
- where the [four possible] base sequences in DNA are read as' three-at-a-time' triplet codons, thereby forming messenger RNA (mRNA). These strands of mRNA are processed [ namely by the removal of introns ][ exons are expressed ] and then exit the nucleus, via nuclear pores {that, by the way, have the ability to disintegrate and reintegrate upon signals - along with the nuclear envelope itself - } and are then sent to the awaiting Ribosomes - on the cytoplasmic side of the ER; {the intra-endoplasmic-reticular space is contiguous throughout the ER and is a Transport Highway for nascent proteins to the cell's extremities; and,
* Translation
- mRNA leaves the nucleus and goes to the structures called ribosomes in the cytoplasmic reticulum. The message that the mRNA contains is translated, and a PROTEIN is built up, bit by bit, from its individual amino-acid {generally one codon per a-a} subunits.
TRANSCRIPTION ...........to............TRANSLATION
DNA ----------> messenger RNA ------> PROTEIN
in nucleus..................................... in cytoplasm.
Every strand of DNA has a different code made out of atcg
Ttg ga
The enzyme responsible for attaching new nucleotides to the open strand of DNA is called DNA polymerase. It catalyzes the formation of phosphodiester bonds between adjacent nucleotides on the growing DNA strand during DNA replication.
During DNA replication, nucleotides are numbered based on their position in the DNA strand. The process involves the separation of the DNA double helix into two strands, with each strand serving as a template for the synthesis of a new complementary strand. As new nucleotides are added to the growing strand, they are numbered sequentially to ensure the accurate replication of the genetic information. This numbering helps maintain the integrity and fidelity of the DNA replication process.
DNA Helicase is the major enzyme involved in the replication of DNA. The reason why it is so important is that it unwinds the DNA which creates two separate strands.
RNApolymerase
mRNA transcribes a strand of DNA and carries the genetic code to a ribosome, where the mRNA code is translated by tRNA into a strand of amino acids, making a protein.
ssb protein bind to the lagging strand as leading strand is invovled in dna replication and lagging strand is invovled in okazaki fragment formation
the sense strand
The best strand
Proteins actually start off as DNA. One strand of our double stranded DNA (chromatin) is copied by enzymes and taken to the ribosomes. At the ribosomes 3 bases of the strand of what is now called RNA code for one of 20 different Amino Acids (the building blocks of protein). When the strand is fully coded then you have a protein!Proteins are made during translation.
This is called a "mutation." What ends up happening depends on where the base that changed was located. If the changed base is on the side of the DNA strand that is not used in making mRNA, there will be no difference in the final protein made whatsoever. If the mutation occurs in a part of the DNA that is not coded to make a protein (so called "junk" DNA), there will also be no change in the final protein, because there won't be a protein made. Even if the mutation occurs in a segment of DNA that eventually makes a protein, if the replacement base causes the mRNA to code for an amino acid that is similar to the original base, there will be little change. There is more to it, but that will probably suffice.
A DNA strand is used to make a strand of RNA.
That depends. DNA undergoing replication is assisted by varieties of proteins to make a new strand. Also, in order for DNA to be coiled into chromosomes, the DNA must be wrapped around the protein histone. But in the actual structure of DNA, no, there are no proteins.
The messenger RNA (mRNA) strand contains the codes for the amino acids that make up a protein. During protein synthesis, the mRNA strand is used by ribosomes to read the genetic information and assemble the corresponding amino acids.
This is called a "mutation." What ends up happening depends on where the base that changed was located. If the changed base is on the side of the DNA strand that is not used in making mRNA, there will be no difference in the final protein made whatsoever. If the mutation occurs in a part of the DNA that is not coded to make a protein (so called "junk" DNA), there will also be no change in the final protein, because there won't be a protein made. Even if the mutation occurs in a segment of DNA that eventually makes a protein, if the replacement base causes the mRNA to code for an amino acid that is similar to the original base, there will be little change. There is more to it, but that will probably suffice.
This is called a "mutation." What ends up happening depends on where the base that changed was located. If the changed base is on the side of the DNA strand that is not used in making mRNA, there will be no difference in the final protein made whatsoever. If the mutation occurs in a part of the DNA that is not coded to make a protein (so called "junk" DNA), there will also be no change in the final protein, because there won't be a protein made. Even if the mutation occurs in a segment of DNA that eventually makes a protein, if the replacement base causes the mRNA to code for an amino acid that is similar to the original base, there will be little change. There is more to it, but that will probably suffice.