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Oxidative phosphorylation describes how the electron-transport system produces ATP using active proton pumps located within the?
mitochondrial inner membrane. Here, electrons from NADH and FADH2 are passed along the electron-transport chain, leading to the pumping of protons across the membrane. The resulting proton gradient drives ATP synthesis via ATP synthase, a process known as chemiosmosis.
How many electrons does FADH2 contain?
FADH2 contains 2 electrons. The 2 electrons are donated during the electron transport chain in the mitochondria to ultimately generate ATP.
How can a proton be moved from one location to another?
A proton can be moved from one location to another by applying an electric or magnetic field that exerts a force on the proton. This force can be used to accelerate the proton, causing it to move to a different location. Additionally, protons can be transported using equipment such as proton pumps or ion channels in biological systems.
What does NADH do that FADH2 cannot Why can't FADH2 do this Explain.?
NAD+ is reduced in glycolysis , pyruvate oxidation and y Krebs cycle and in electron transport chain then NADH gain hydrogen NADH works as an electron carrier in this process and because there are 2 in glycolysis 2 in pyruvate oxidation 6 in Krebs cycle and is the first thing that oxidase in ETC providing energy in high amount because is going to loose all its h+ FADH2 only is produced 2x in glycolysis and is oxidized in ETC...so NADH provide more electrons than FADH and also more energy in aerobic cellular respiration I am in grade 11 ap biology and also esl student thanks
Where is energy stored in NADH andFADH?
In NADH and FADH2, energy is stored in the high-energy electrons that are carried by these molecules. During cellular respiration, these electrons are transferred to the electron transport chain, where their energy is used to create a proton gradient that drives ATP synthesis.
How many proton pumps have nadh?
penis.
How are proton pumps utilized in the process of photosynthesis?
Proton pumps are used in photosynthesis to create a proton gradient across the thylakoid membrane. This gradient is essential for the production of ATP, which is a key energy source for the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis.
How are NADH and FADH2 related?
Think of it like this: Every time the electron is handed to another cytochrome, it pumps H+ across a membrane to create a gradient. NADH sticks the electron in higher up the chain than FADH2 does so the NADH electron pumps more protons since it is passed between more cytochromes than the FADH2 electrons. Since every proton pumped across is an ADP-->ATP reaction, the more protons an electron can pump, the more energy you get from that electron. FADH2 is around because it has roles in other areas like synthesis, so by being a little more multifunctional than NADH it sacrifices some in the electron transport role. -Jelanen
Proton pumps are used in various ways by members of every kingdom of organisms What does this most probably mean?
This likely indicates that proton pumps serve a fundamental role in cellular function across different types of organisms. The widespread use of proton pumps suggests their importance in processes such as generating energy, maintaining pH balance, or aiding in nutrient uptake.
Which molecules is most directly involved in the transfer of energy from food to the proton pumps?
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is the molecule that is most directly involved in the transfer of energy from food to the proton pumps. ATP acts as the primary energy carrier in cells and is used to power various cellular processes, including the pumping of protons across membranes by proton pumps. This proton pumping generates a proton gradient, which is then utilized for the production of ATP.
Why does fadh2 produce fewer ATP molecules than nadh?
NADH produces 3 ATPs because it donates the proton at a "higher" location in the electron transport chain than does FADH2, which is why FADH2 produce only 2 ATPs. NADH and FADH2 donates electrons and protons into the electron transport chain.
Oxidative phosphorylation describes how the electron-transport system produces ATP using active proton pumps located within the?
mitochondrial inner membrane. Here, electrons from NADH and FADH2 are passed along the electron-transport chain, leading to the pumping of protons across the membrane. The resulting proton gradient drives ATP synthesis via ATP synthase, a process known as chemiosmosis.
Why proton pumps could stomach cramps?
Proton pumps in the stomach are responsible for producing acid to aid in digestion. If these pumps become overactive or dysregulated, they can cause an increase in stomach acid levels, leading to conditions like acid reflux or ulcers that may manifest as stomach cramps or discomfort.
What is an archaerhodopsin?
An archaerodopsin is any of a group of proteins, isolated from halobacteria, which are light-driven proton pumps.
How many FADH2 are produced in the preparatory step?
Two FADH2 molecules are produced in the preparatory step of cellular respiration.
What happens after proton pumps in mitochondria have depleted electrons of their energy during ATP production?
After the protons pumps in the mitochondria that have depleted the electrons of the energy the ATP production will reduce.
What is the function of the proton pumps in the thylakoid membranes?
Proton pumps in the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts create a proton gradient by pumping H+ ions from the stroma into the thylakoid lumen during photosynthesis. This gradient is utilized by ATP synthase to produce ATP through chemiosmosis.
