Phosphorus is a group 5 element. All group 15 elements have 5 valence electrons. Thus, phosphorus has 5 valence electrons.
Elements like calcium located toward the top of a group have a high attraction for their valence electrons because they have a relatively low atomic size and therefore a stronger effective nuclear charge. This results in a greater tendency for these elements to attract and hold onto their valence electrons.
Barium (Ba) is located towards the bottom of the group because it has more energy levels and shielding effect from inner electrons, leading to decreased attraction for valence electrons. This is due to increased distance from the nucleus and more electron-electron repulsions.
Valence numbers, in relation to the periodic table, mean electrons. If you know the basics of chemistry, you know that electrons form pairs in the "shells" of an atom. The valence number refers to the number of electrons in the outermost "shell".
Atoms can combine to achieve an octet of valence electrons by sharing electrons. The term covalent bond is used to describe the bonds in compounds that result from the sharing of one or more pairs of electrons.Ionic and covalent bonds differ in the extent to which a pair of electrons is shared by the atoms that form the bond. When one of the atoms is much better at drawing electrons toward itself than the other, the bond is ionic.When the atoms are approximately equal in their ability to draw electrons toward themselves, the atoms share the pair of electrons more or less equally, and the bond is covalent. This where sulfur dioxide fits in.
Oxygen have 6 electrons on the outer sell so it need 2 more electrons to gain full outer shell. Magnesium have 2 electrons on the outer sell so It have to lose 2 electrons to gain full outer sell. They combine easily by a strong ionic bond. Its formula is MgO, it has no overall charge.
Helium has 2 valence electrons, and it's the only noble gas that doesn't have 8 valence electrons.
toward the left- apex
noble gasses are toward the right side of the periodic table the # of electrons is the group and you can find valence out by taking the group # and subtracting 10 from groups 11-18 to get the answer of 8 valence electrons
Elements located toward the bottom of a group have a lower attraction for their valence electrons primarily due to increased atomic size and electron shielding. As you move down a group, additional electron shells are added, which increases the distance between the nucleus and the valence electrons. This greater distance, coupled with increased electron shielding from inner electrons, reduces the effective nuclear charge felt by the valence electrons, leading to weaker attraction. Consequently, these elements are more likely to lose their valence electrons in chemical reactions.
Elements like calcium located toward the top of a group have a high attraction for their valence electrons because they have a relatively low atomic size and therefore a stronger effective nuclear charge. This results in a greater tendency for these elements to attract and hold onto their valence electrons.
small atomic radius.
Barium (Ba) is located towards the bottom of the group because it has more energy levels and shielding effect from inner electrons, leading to decreased attraction for valence electrons. This is due to increased distance from the nucleus and more electron-electron repulsions.
The fewer numbers of valence electrons, and the farther away those valence electrons are from the nucleus, the lower the ionization energy will be. So your group 1 and 2 metals toward the bottom of those groups will have low ionization energies, and therefore be very reactive.
Valence numbers, in relation to the periodic table, mean electrons. If you know the basics of chemistry, you know that electrons form pairs in the "shells" of an atom. The valence number refers to the number of electrons in the outermost "shell".
Atoms can combine to achieve an octet of valence electrons by sharing electrons. The term covalent bond is used to describe the bonds in compounds that result from the sharing of one or more pairs of electrons.Ionic and covalent bonds differ in the extent to which a pair of electrons is shared by the atoms that form the bond. When one of the atoms is much better at drawing electrons toward itself than the other, the bond is ionic.When the atoms are approximately equal in their ability to draw electrons toward themselves, the atoms share the pair of electrons more or less equally, and the bond is covalent. This where sulfur dioxide fits in.
Carbon has four electrons in its outer shell. The electron configuration of carbon is 1s² 2s² 2p², where the two electrons in the inner shell (1s) are not counted toward the outer shell. Therefore, in the outer shell (2s and 2p), carbon has a total of four electrons.
weak from Electronics by Malvino