Depending on the isotope:
- for 235U: 7,038.108 years
- for 238U: 4,468.109 years
etc.
U-238 is the most abundant (99.3%) of the three naturally occurring isotopes of Uranium. The other two are U-235 and U-234.U-238 decays spontaneously to Thorium-234 by alpha particle emission. This decays by beta decay to Protactinium-234 and then that undergoes beta decay to become U-234.There are many more decay steps by alpha and beta emission. The end result is Lead-206 which is stable.The full path can be found in the Argonne National Laboratories Human Health Fact Sheet, August 2005, titled Natural Decay Series: Uranium, Radium, and ThoriumThis is found at:http://www.ead.anl.gov/pub/doc/natural-decay-series.pdf
The main lead isotopes 206Pb, 207Pb and 208Pb, are not radioactive. It does have traces of radioactive isotopes, but the quantity is so small that lead's radioactivity can be considered zero. It is however toxic if ingested.
No, it only becomes dangerously radioactive after irradiation, due to some of the fission products formed. New fuel elements can safely be handled without shielding. You wouldn't handle uranium directly because you might pick up small particles and ingest them, but when it is fitted into the sealed cladding it is not dangerous.
Unstable elements are radioactive elements that spontaneously decay into other elements. Some are: Radon Uranium Plutonium See the related link for an article giving greater detail on isotope stability.
All elements have at least some radioactive isotopes. For some elements no radioactive isotopes are known except those that are synthetic (see link to related question below). For some other elements, there are both radioactive isotopes and stable isotopes in nature. (see link to related question below). Some elements only have radioactive isotopes, and these are found in nature in at least trace quantities, they include (ordered by atomic number; those marked with * are normally only found in trace amounts in ore as radioactive decay products, and those with ** are distributed radioactive decay products found in trace amounts): Period 5: technetium* Period 6: promethium*, bismuth, polonium*, astatine*, radon** Period 7: francium*, radium*, actinium*, thorium, protactinium*, uranium, neptunium*, plutonium** The fact that all isotopes of bismuth are radioactive was only recently discovered. Some elements are only know as a result of synthesis by human activity, and these are as follows:Period 7: americium, curium, berkelium, californium, einsteinium, fermium, mendelevium, nobelium, lawrencium, rutherfordium, dubnium, seaborgium, bohrium, hassium, meitnerium, darmstadtium, roentgenium, copernicium, and anything new that might come along.
5,730 years
Many radioactive isotopes are more radioactive than the naturally occurring uranium isotopes:All fission product isotopes are more radioactive (e.g. iodine-131, strontium-90)Most radioactive isotopes in the uranium --> lead decay chain are more radioactive (e.g. radium, radon, polonium)Plutonium is more radioactiveTritium is more radioactiveCarbon-14 is more radioactiveArtificially produced uranium isotopes are more radioactive (e.g. uranium-233, uranium-236)etc.
If we use uranium-238 as our starter isotope, what happens is that a nuclear decay event happens (in this case an alpha decay) and the U-238 transforms into a daughter isotope thorium (Th-234). The half-life of this transition is 4.5 billion years. Thorium-234 then undergoes a decay. And the process continues until a stable isotope is created as the last daughter of a decay chain. Note that there will be different half lives for the transition events, and the modes of decay will vary depending on what daughter is now the parent in the next decay event. Use the link below to see all the steps. The chart will show the whole chain including the half-life of isotope undergoing decay, the decay mode, and the daughter. Follow along using the keys and the process will reveal itself.
Uranium 235 is unstable because it is a radioactive isotope. This means that it is constantly decaying and emitting radiation. The reason it is unstable is because it has too many neutrons in its nucleus. The neutron is a unstable particle, and when there are too many of them in one place, they can cause problems. When uranium 235 decays, it emits alpha particles, which are high-energy particles that can damage DNA and cause cancer.
All of them.
All elements with an atomic number >83 are naturally radioactive
Zr 94: half life 1,1.1017 years, double beta decay Zr 96: half life 2,0.1019 years, double beta decay
Each isotope has a specific radioactive decay.
The stability depend on the ratio between protons and neutrons; uranium has too many neutrons.
The name for the emissions of rays and particles by a radioactive material are called radioactive decay. There are many different types of radioactive decay that emit different rays and particles.
See the link below for the decay chain of uranium-238.
Uranium is toxic and radioactive; the primary health risk is the inhalation of fine powders; this can be after many years a cause of lung cancers.