A molecule with two strong bond dipoles can have no molecular dipole if the bond dipoles cancel each other out by pointing in exactly opposite directions. For example, in carbon dioxide (a linear molecule), the carbon-oxygen bonds have a large dipole moment. However, because one dipole points to the left and the other points to the right, the dipoles cancel and overall there is no molecular dipole.
A molecule with two strong bond dipoles can have no molecular dipole if the bond dipoles cancel each other out by pointing in exactly opposite directions. For example, in carbon dioxide (a linear molecule), the carbon-oxygen bonds have a large dipole moment. However, because one dipole points to the left and the other points to the right, the dipoles cancel and overall there is no molecular dipole.
If the electronegativity is very different on one side than the other
Water is a polar molecule whereas methane is a non-polar molecule.The intra- molecular force in water molecule is much stronger compared top the intra- molecular force between a carbon and a hydrogen in methane.Water molecule have hydrogen bonding as its intra molecular force.Hydrogen bonding is the strongest, then comes dipole-dipole and the least strong is the London dispersion force.The molecular bonding of water is higher than that of methane (binding energy), and the intermolecular bonding of water is higher than that of methane (boiling point).
This is possible because electrical charges (positive or negative) are non-uniform distributed in the molecule.
This is possible because electrical charges (positive or negative) are non-uniform distributed in the molecule.
A molecule with two strong bond dipoles can have no molecular dipole if the bond dipoles cancel each other out by pointing in exactly opposite directions. For example, in carbon dioxide (a linear molecule), the carbon-oxygen bonds have a large dipole moment. However, because one dipole points to the left and the other points to the right, the dipoles cancel and overall there is no molecular dipole.
If the electronegativity is very different on one side than the other
Water is a polar molecule whereas methane is a non-polar molecule.The intra- molecular force in water molecule is much stronger compared top the intra- molecular force between a carbon and a hydrogen in methane.Water molecule have hydrogen bonding as its intra molecular force.Hydrogen bonding is the strongest, then comes dipole-dipole and the least strong is the London dispersion force.The molecular bonding of water is higher than that of methane (binding energy), and the intermolecular bonding of water is higher than that of methane (boiling point).
Due to strong dipole dipole interaction
This is possible because electrical charges (positive or negative) are non-uniform distributed in the molecule.
This is possible because electrical charges (positive or negative) are non-uniform distributed in the molecule.
Substances will dissolve in each other if there are strong intermolecular forces between solvent and solute molecules. The intermolecular forces in water are primarily Hydrogen bonds. These are the result of the dipoles (slight charge) within the molecules themselves. Oxygen attracts the negatively charged electrons in the molecule more readily than hydrogen, so it gains a slight negative charge, while leaving the hydrogen with a slight positive charge. The attraction of the positive dipole on the hydrogen of one water molecule with the negative dipole on the oxygen of another holds the water molecules together as a liquid. Polar molecules also contain positive and negative dipoles. Sugar contains several O-H bonds, which have a similar distribution of charge to the water molecules. When sugar is added to water, these dipoles are subject to strong attractive forces from the opposite dipoles on the water molecules, causing single sugar molecules to break away from the main body of sugar and dissolve in the water.
The hydrogen bond is not strong.
Molecules with dipoles have higher boiling points because they are able to form strong dipole-dipole interactions with other molecules. Alkanes are nonpolar and only have weak London dispersion forces, thus lower boiling points.
All molecules (and noble gases) experience London dispersion forces with other molecules. CH3COOH is a polar molecule and polar molecules also experience dipole - dipole forces. Because CH3COOH also has an OH group the O of one molecule is strongly attracted to the H (attached to the O) on another molecule. This unusually strong type of dipole-dipole force is called a hydrogen bond. Hydrogen bonds are going to be the most important type of intermolecular force within a group of CH3COOH molecules.
a hydrogen bond
ionic bond