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Oxygen forms a -2 ion.

x0 - x= +2.

The compound overall needs to be neutral, so you add up all the charges from the oxygen and add whatever you need to make it neutral.

eg:

FeO - oxidation state of iron = +2, since oxygen forms -2 and compound is overall neutral.

Fe2O3 - -6 from the oxygen. So you need to add +3, and there are two Fe's so you divide it by two - therefore iron is +3.

Hope that helps.

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