Gallium (Ga) can have a valence of +3, +2 or +1.
When the metal can exist in more than one oxidation state
The oxidation state of a metal is typically indicated numerically in a compound to show the charge on the metal atom. This is important for determining the reactivity and bonding behavior of the metal within the compound.
Zinc is in oxidation state +2 and oxygen in oxidation state -2. Zinc Oxide itself has not net charge/oxidation state.
The ionic compound for GaAs is gallium arsenide. Gallium (Ga) is a metal and arsenic (As) is a nonmetal, so they form an ionic bond where Ga becomes positively charged (Ga3+) and As becomes negatively charged (As3-).
The oxidation state of NO is +1. This is because nitrogen is in Group 15 of the periodic table and typically has an oxidation state of -3. In NO, oxygen is more electronegative than nitrogen, causing nitrogen to have a formal oxidation state of +1 to balance the charge.
When the metal can exist in more than one oxidation state
The oxidation state of a metal is indicated in the name of a compound if and when that metal has more than one oxidation states. The oxidation state is then indicated by a Roman numeral placed in parenthesis next to the metal (Stock System).
Gallium typically loses three electrons when forming compounds, resulting in a +3 oxidation state. This behavior is due to its position in group 13 of the periodic table, where it has three valence electrons. In some cases, gallium can also exhibit a +1 oxidation state by losing just one electron, but the +3 state is more common.
The oxidation state of a metal is typically indicated numerically in a compound to show the charge on the metal atom. This is important for determining the reactivity and bonding behavior of the metal within the compound.
They are used to tell you which oxidation state the particular metal has when bonding to the non-metal. This is only done when the oxidation state can be more than one value.
its because of the d orbital which contain 10 electrons and push the s orbital inward i_e towards the nucleus so they are more attracted by nucleus and this is called poor shielding effect of d orbital... thus 6s2 are close to the nucleus these electrons are less available for bonding... this is known as inert pair effect... Note that both elemnst exhibit the +1 and +3 oxidation staes- in thallium the +1 is the more stable and in gallium the +3 is the more stable
Zinc is in oxidation state +2 and oxygen in oxidation state -2. Zinc Oxide itself has not net charge/oxidation state.
There is no known "sulfur metal". Sulfur is a nonmetal element, but in compounds with more electronegative nonmetals, such as oxygen, fluorine, and chlorine, sulfur can have a positive oxidation state.
Sodium (Na) is a metal that tends to lose an electron to become a Na+ ion, resulting in oxidation. In this process, sodium goes from its neutral state to a more positively charged state, indicating oxidation.
Preferably in modern nomenclature, by capital "Roman numerals" within parentheses immediately following the name of a transition metal element cation in a chemical compound. For transition metal elements that have only two common cationic oxidation states, the oxidation states can alternatively be indicated by the suffix "ic" for the more positive oxidation state and "ous" for the less positive ones. Examples are "ferric" for "iron (III)" and "ferrous" for "iron (II)". If the transition metal is in an anion, the most common indication is with suffixes and prefixes, but the appended oxidation state in parentheses can also be used. Details may be different for different transition metals and should be sought in an authoritative reference source.
The ionic compound for GaAs is gallium arsenide. Gallium (Ga) is a metal and arsenic (As) is a nonmetal, so they form an ionic bond where Ga becomes positively charged (Ga3+) and As becomes negatively charged (As3-).
The oxidation state of oxygen in HOF (hypofluorous acid) is +1. Oxygen typically has an oxidation state of -2 in compounds, but in this case, since fluorine is more electronegative, oxygen has an oxidation state of +1 to balance the charge of the molecule.