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Reduction can be defined in several ways, but the most general is gain of electrons (or a bigger share in electrons). For instance, when you drop a piece of zinc into copper sulfate solution, the zinc atoms give electrons to the copper(II) ions, so the copper ions are reduced.

Zn + Cu2+ = Zn2+ + Cu

Of course, the zinc is oxidised at the same time. As an old Frank Sinatra has it 'You can't have one without the other!' When it comes to electrons, Oxidation Is Loss, Reduction Is Gain (OILRIG).

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Related Questions

What is a reaction that removes one or more electrons from a substance such that the substance's valence or oxidation state increases?

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