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Synthetic elements are mostly produced by neutron capture. This is different from decay, fission, or fusion, but is more like fusion. In neutron capture, a free neutron is captured by the nucleus of an atom, producing a new isotope. The new isotope is likely to have too many neutrons, because it was a neutron that it captured. With too many neutrons, it wants to undergo decay by converting a neutron into a proton, and emitting a negative beta particle. This does not alter the mass number, but it does increase the number of protons in the atom by one, and so it increases the atomic number by one. For example, an atom of 237Np captures a neutron and becomes 238Np, which decays by negative beta decay to become 238Pu.

Some synthetic elements are produced by fusion.

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