Different FUNCTIONAL Grouops.
Here is a list of some functional groups .
C-C ; Alkane
C=C ; Alkene
C///C ; Alkyne (NB '///' represents a triple bond).
-CH2OH [ Alcohol
-CH2X ; Any halogen
-CHO ; Aldehyde
-COOH ; Carboxylic Acid
-C(=O)C- ; Ketone
-C-O-C- - ; Ether
-CH2NH2 ; Amine
-C(=O)NH2 ; Amide
This list is NOT exhaustive. There are many more functional groups.
NB
1; Note how the formula letters are arranged. This is the international IUPAC standard, for recognising functional grouops in a formula.
2; Be careful with the spelling, particularly AlkAnes, AlkEnes and AlkYnes.
Only one letter difference for each functional group.,
Variations in properties of peptides and proteins are primarily influenced by their amino acid composition and sequence. Different amino acids have unique side chains that can affect the overall structure, stability, charge, and function of the peptide or protein. Additional factors such as post-translational modifications, environment, and interactions with other molecules can also contribute to variations in properties.
individual atoms they are made of. These properties include polarity, reactivity, and ability to form chemical bonds with other atoms or molecules. This is due to the arrangement and interactions of the atoms within the molecule.
Isomers are molecules with the same molecular formula but different structural arrangements. Physical properties that can differ between isomers include boiling points, melting points, solubility, and density. These differences arise because the arrangement of atoms in isomers affects how the molecules interact with each other, leading to variations in physical properties.
Diastereomers are a type of stereoisomer that have different spatial arrangements of atoms around one or more chiral centers. These differences in structure lead to distinct physical properties, such as boiling points, melting points, and solubilities. These variations in physical properties can affect how diastereomers interact with other molecules, leading to differences in chemical reactivity and biological activity.
Chiral molecules have a non-superimposable mirror image, while achiral molecules do not. The asymmetry in chiral molecules can lead to different interactions with other molecules, affecting their properties such as reactivity and biological activity. Achiral molecules, on the other hand, have a symmetrical structure and exhibit similar properties in all directions.
Variations in properties of peptides and proteins are primarily influenced by their amino acid composition and sequence. Different amino acids have unique side chains that can affect the overall structure, stability, charge, and function of the peptide or protein. Additional factors such as post-translational modifications, environment, and interactions with other molecules can also contribute to variations in properties.
Differences in R-groups give proteins different chemical properties, leading to variations in function, structure, and interactions with other molecules. These variations can impact the protein's role in biological processes and its overall behavior within a cell.
individual atoms they are made of. These properties include polarity, reactivity, and ability to form chemical bonds with other atoms or molecules. This is due to the arrangement and interactions of the atoms within the molecule.
nuggers
Isomers are molecules with the same molecular formula but different structural arrangements. Physical properties that can differ between isomers include boiling points, melting points, solubility, and density. These differences arise because the arrangement of atoms in isomers affects how the molecules interact with each other, leading to variations in physical properties.
the physical properties of a rock are a solid molecules are close together different colors different sizes and different weight and different kinds
Compounds differ because of differences in attractions between their molecules.
Compounds differ because of differences in attractions between their molecules.
The vast number of substances that can be formed from different types of atoms is due to variations in the arrangement and bonding of atoms. Atoms can combine in numerous ways to form different molecules with unique properties and structures, leading to a wide array of substances with varying properties and functions. This diversity allows for the creation of millions of different substances from a limited number of elements.
Diastereomers are a type of stereoisomer that have different spatial arrangements of atoms around one or more chiral centers. These differences in structure lead to distinct physical properties, such as boiling points, melting points, and solubilities. These variations in physical properties can affect how diastereomers interact with other molecules, leading to differences in chemical reactivity and biological activity.
compounds. Compounds are formed when atoms of different elements chemically bond together to create a new substance with unique properties that are different from the properties of the individual atoms. An example of a compound is water (H2O), which has different physical and chemical properties compared to its constituent elements, hydrogen and oxygen.
Chiral molecules have a non-superimposable mirror image, while achiral molecules do not. The asymmetry in chiral molecules can lead to different interactions with other molecules, affecting their properties such as reactivity and biological activity. Achiral molecules, on the other hand, have a symmetrical structure and exhibit similar properties in all directions.