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The key differences between the E1 and E2 mechanisms in chemical reactions are:

  1. E1 mechanism involves a two-step process where the leaving group leaves first, forming a carbocation intermediate, followed by deprotonation. E2 mechanism is a one-step process where the leaving group is expelled while a proton is abstracted in a concerted manner.

  2. E1 reactions are favored in polar protic solvents and with weak nucleophiles, while E2 reactions are favored in polar aprotic solvents and with strong nucleophiles.

  3. E1 reactions proceed via a carbocation intermediate, making them prone to rearrangements, while E2 reactions do not involve carbocation formation.

Overall, the E1 mechanism is stepwise and involves carbocation intermediates, while the E2 mechanism is concerted and does not involve carbocation formation.

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