Inter-particle force, also known intermolecular force, are forces of attraction and repulsion which act between neighboring particles. compared to intramolecular forces, they are a weak force.
London dispersion forces or van der Waals forces predominate in octane. These forces result from temporary shifts in electron density, causing temporary dipoles which attract other molecules.
When a liquid is heated, its particles gain energy and move faster, causing the inter-particle spaces to increase. This results in the liquid expanding and becoming less dense.
The main forces between molecules of CS2 are London dispersion forces and dipole-dipole interactions. CS2 is a nonpolar molecule because the sulfur-carbon and carbon-sulfur bonds are symmetrical, resulting in weak forces of attraction between the molecules.
Solids are made up of molecules which have more intermolecular attraction. So these molecules are held together closely. But in case of liquids the inter molecular attraction less. So there is inter molecular space between the molecules. They are not very close to one another. When the inter molecular attraction between the molecules is lost or reduced the solids turn into liquids. When the solid is heated because of the heat the kinetic energy of the molecules is increased and the molecules start moving away from each other. So the inter molecular attraction is lost or reduced. So the solid turns into liquids.
Intermolecular bonds are forces of attraction between molecules, like hydrogen bonding, van der Waals forces, and ion-dipole interactions. Intramolecular bonds are chemical bonds within a molecule, such as covalent bonds holding atoms together to form the molecule.
Inter particle forces are the forces which operate between particles. They may be forces of attraction, e.g. gravity, or repulsion, e.g. between two negative charges.
Ionic bonds have the strongest interparticle attraction due to the electrostatic forces between positively and negatively charged ions.
gases
When the pressure is low and the temperature is high the molecules have less inter particle forces of attraction thus more inter particle spaces, which is a characteristic of gases .Therefore it is an ideal situation for gases.
van der Waals forces of attraction
Interparticle forces refer to the attractive or repulsive interactions between particles (atoms, molecules, ions) in a substance. These forces play a significant role in determining the physical properties of a material, such as its melting point, boiling point, and viscosity. Examples of interparticle forces include hydrogen bonding, van der Waals forces, and electrostatic interactions.
Kinetic energy plus particle attraction is commonly referred to as potential energy. Kinetic energy is associated with motion, while particle attraction, such as gravitational or electrostatic forces, contributes to the potential energy of a system.
Oil has less particle attraction than water because oil molecules are nonpolar, with no overall charge, resulting in weaker intermolecular forces. Water molecules, on the other hand, are polar and exhibit stronger hydrogen bonding, giving water higher particle attraction.
The inter molecular forces of attraction are responsible for that, stronger are these forces the more closer will be the liquid molecules and more denser will be the liquid.
London dispersion forces or van der Waals forces predominate in octane. These forces result from temporary shifts in electron density, causing temporary dipoles which attract other molecules.
The strength of particle attraction between liquids, known as intermolecular forces, varies depending on the type of liquid and its molecular composition. Stronger intermolecular forces, such as hydrogen bonds, lead to higher viscosity and surface tension, while weaker forces result in lower viscosity and easier flow. In general, liquids with stronger attractions tend to have higher boiling points and exhibit more cohesive behavior. These forces play a crucial role in determining the physical properties and behaviors of liquids.
The liquid state is caused by intermolecular forces.