What due know the position of hydrogen in the periodic table and also write down similarities and dissimilarties with 1 group 4A AND 7A?

Answer 1

Position of hydrogen in periodic table

Position of an element in Periodic Table depends upon its electronic configuration and properties. Hydrogen resembles the elements of group I-A, IV-A and VII-A in some respects. Properties of hydrogen do not completely match any one of the above-mentioned groups. That is why position of hydrogen is still undecided.

Resemblance Of Hydrogen With Alkali Metals(Group I-A)

1) Like alkali metals hydrogen has one electron in its valence shell.

Explanation

H (Z=1): K1

Li (Z=3): K2, L1

Na (Z=11): K2, L8, M1

(2) Both require just one electron to complete their valence shells.

3) Both hydrogen an alkali metals are good reducing agents.

4) Like alkali metals hydrogen can also form halides.

Explanation: Hydrogen:

HCl, HI.

I-A:

NaCl, KBr.

5) Halides of alkali metals and hydrogen ionized in similar way in aqueous solution.

Explanation:

HCl (aq) è H+(aq) + Cl-(aq)

NaCl(aq) è Na+(aq) + Cl-(aq)

6) Like alkali metals hydrogen can also form compounds with non-metals.

Explanation:

I-A:

Na2S

Hydrogen:

H2S

7) Both lose electron to form positive ions. E.g. H+, Na+

8) Alkali metals and hydrogen belongs to s block.

DIFFERENCES :-

1) Hydrogen is a non-metal where as elements of I-A are metals.

2) Hydrogen can form both covalent and ionic compounds. But alkali metals only form ionic compounds.

3) Hydrogen can gain an electron to form H- ion.

4) Hydrogen is a gas at room temperature but alkali metals are solids.

5) Unlike Na+ or K+ hydrogen ion (H+) is unstable in water.

Explanation:

H+ + H2O è H3O+

6) Alkali metals do not occur freely in nature due to their high reactivity but hydrogen does occur.

7) Hydrogen occurs in diatomic state (H2).

8) I.P. of hydrogen is very high as compared to alkali metals.

Resemblance of Hydrogen with Carbon Family (IV-A)

1) Valance shell of hydrogen is half-filled like the elements of group IV-A.

Explanation:

H (Z=1) : Capacity of K-Shell =2 , no. of electrons = 1 , % = 50%

C(z=6) : Capacity of L-Shell = 8 , no. of electrons = 4 , % = 50%

2) I.P. and E.A. of hydrogen and carbon are comparable.

3) E.N. of H and Carbon family are almost similar. [H = 2.1, C = 2.5 , Si= 2.4]

4) Both show reducing effects.

Explanation:

CuO + H2 è Cu + H2O

SnO2 + C è Sn + CO2

5) Both combine with other elements through covalent bonding.

Explanation

DIFFERENCES

1) Carbon is tetravalent but Hydrogen is a mono-valent.

2) Hydrogen is a gas at room temperature but elements of group IV-A are solids.

3) Boiling and melting points of hydrogen is very less than that of the elements of group IV-A.

Resemblance Of Hydrogen With Halogens

1) Both Hydrogen and Halogens require one electron to complete their valence shell.

2) Both hydrogen and Halogens are non-metals(Except iodine which has partial metallic character).

3) Both hydrogen and Halogens acts as negative ions when combined with metals. 4) Their molecules are diatomic.

5) Like Halogens, hydrogen can also form both ionic and covalent bond.

Explanation

Hydrogen:

NaH (ionic),

CH4 (Covalent)

Halogens:

NaCl (ionic), HCl

6) Both H and Halogens form compound with metals and non-metals.

Explanation

Hydrogen :H2S [S=non-metal]

Halogens : HCl [H = non-metal]

DIFFERENCES

1) Hydrogen has one electron in valence shell while Halogens has seven electrons.

2) Electronic configuration of H = 1S1,

Valence shell electronic configuration of Halogens = nS2, nS5

3) Unlike X- ion, H- ion is unstable in water and reacts in the following manner.

Explanation

H- + H2O èH2+ OH-

UNIQUE ATOMIC STRUCTURE OF HYDROGEN:

Hydrogen is the only element which has no neutron in its nucleus.

Conclusion

Due to above reasons it is clear that hydrogen cannot be placed in any one of the above mentioned groups.