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A coefficient in chemistry, as in other disciplines, is a number that comes before or in front of some expression. It could be in front of an element, a compound, etc. and indicates the number of atoms, molecules, moles, etc. of that expression. An example might be the following: 4 Al + 3 O2 -->2 Al2O3.
In this example, the coefficients are 4, 3 and 2 indicating 4 moles Al, 3 moles O2 and 2 moles Al2O3, respectively.

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