when the particles of the cloud do not intersect, when they move slowly without interference of other particles it is known as a laminar cloud
Reynolds number tells you what the flow is doing. A Reynolds number of 0-2000 is laminar flow 2000-4000 is the transition (where both laminar and turbulent flow is possible) 4000+ is fully turbulent flow
Germanium has 32 electrons in its electron cloud.
Electrons form a cloud around the nucleus of an atom. They have a negative charge and move rapidly in a probability distribution around the nucleus, representing the electron cloud or electron cloud model of an atom.
In an atom, electrons are found in a cloud-like region around the nucleus, called the electron cloud. This cloud represents the probability of finding an electron at a particular location. The analogy to a shelf on a refrigerator is used to illustrate the idea that electrons do not have strict orbits like planets, but rather exist in a cloud of probability within certain energy levels.
The nucleus of an atom contains protons and neutrons, while the electron cloud surrounds the nucleus and contains the electrons. The nucleus is positively charged and is much smaller in size compared to the electron cloud. The electron cloud determines the size of the atom and contains most of the atom's volume.
difference between laminar air flow & reverse laminar air flow
This question is its own answer. The flow patterns in laminar flow are laminar.
Laminar Flow - album - was created in 1979.
Laminar flow can be defined by the help of Reynold's number that can be determined by conducting experiments. A Reynold number <=2000 indicates that the flow is laminar.
Increasing the radius of a pipe where laminar flow occurs typically leads to a decrease in the flow velocity needed to maintain laminar flow. This is because the flow rate is proportional to the radius to the power of four in laminar flow conditions. As a result, larger radii usually allow for higher flow rates while still maintaining laminar flow.
The laminar flow hood depends on the laminar air flow to sweep away pathogens from the hood. If there is obstruction, the laminar air flow pattern will be disrupted. The laminar air flow will then change to turbulent air flow.
In a horizontal laminar flow hood, the laminar air flows towards the outside (i.e. towards the worker). There is hence no protection to the worker and it is not suitable for cytotoxic drug preparation. In a vertical laminar flow hood, the laminar air flows downwards from the top, providing more protection for the workers. Vertical laminar flow hoods are hence suitable for preparing cytotoxic drugs.
Laminar water jet reviews and instructional advice can be found in various forms on the internet. A website to review and evaluate the Laminar jet is http://hackaday.com/2010/08/22/laminar-water-jet-explained/
Increasing the velocity of the fluid will cause a laminar flow to become turbulent.
Laminar flow refers to smooth, orderly flow with predictable patterns, while turbulent flow is characterized by chaotic, irregular movement with swirling vortices and mixing. The transition from laminar to turbulent flow occurs when the flow speed or viscosity of the fluid increases, leading to the breakdown of laminar layers and the onset of turbulence.
Alt. of Laminal
A laminar water jet is available many places online, for relatively inexpensive when it comes to cost. Atlantic Fountains and Zodiac Pool Systems both sell laminar water jets on their websites.