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An IV solution should be isotonic to the blood so that the injected solution does not disrupt the fluid balance in the patient.

If the solution is hypertonic, the patient may become dehydrated as the solution pulls water out of the patient's body tissues and into the blood stream. This can also cause severe problems with high blood pressure, as the blood volume can increase dramatically from this.

If the solution is hypotonic, the patient may become edematous as the solution diffuses into the patient's body tissues. This can also cause severe problems with dependent edema and electrolyte loss.

However, in some cases a doctor will deliberately choose a hypertonic or hypotonic solution for IV injection in certain medical emergencies.

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