i don't think there is another name for "corrosion", i mean there are different ways to define "corrosion". you can call it oxydation but is not the exact definition since is just a part of the process "corrosion".
http://www.corrosionist.com/Corrosion_Fundamental.htm
eroding, caustic
Corrosion requires the presence of a metal, an electrolyte (usually water), and oxygen. Additionally, the metal must be in contact with another metal or material with different electrochemical properties, leading to the flow of electrons and the corrosion process. Temperature, pH, and other environmental factors can also affect the rate and extent of corrosion.
I think this should be 'sacrificial corrosion'. This is a method of protecting components made of one metal by locating another component made of another metal that is more subject to corrosion nearby. For example, galvanised iron, which is zinc-coated iron, undergoes sacrificial corrosion when it is exposed to impure water such as rain. Electrolytes in rain attack the zinc in preference to the iron. The zinc dissolves, eventually leaving the bare iron. However, at least for a time, the iron is protected.
This process is known as metal plating, where a layer of a different metal is deposited onto the surface of another metal. It is commonly used to improve resistance to corrosion, enhance appearance, or provide other functional properties.
Aircraft manufacturers prevent corrosion by using corrosion-resistant materials, applying protective coatings, and regular maintenance such as washing and inspecting the aircraft for signs of corrosion. Additionally, manufacturers may also design aircraft components to minimize areas where moisture can accumulate.
Corrosion iron oxide
Corrosion, rust, build up, nasty mess, but he most common is "corrosion", then "rust".
Tin could be used to coat another metal. It is done to prevent corrosion.
This is called a corrosion test, frequently used in quality control of materials.
eroding, caustic
Metals are usually treated with a coating that helps minimize the forming of corrosion. Steel is treated to galvanize it from developing rust, which is a type of corrosion. Electroplating is another way to minimize corrosion in metals.
Corrosion/rust.
Rusting
Chromium is plated over another metal to make it resistant to rust or corrosion.
An oxide
Well the way you phrased your question is that one is more than another but actually there are multiple such as Nickel,Aluminum,and Gold. Whitch are all equally corrosion resistant.
Rust is oxidation.