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Many electrochemical reactions produce or consume species in the solution. The rates of reactions involving dissolved species which participate as reactants in the rate-determining step(that stage in the reaction which controls its rate) will be dependent on the concentration of the dissolved species. As the dissolved species are consumed by the reaction, so a greater change in potential will be required to maintain the current, and this is known as concentration polarization. A reaction for which concentration polarization dominates is referred to as mass-transport or diffusion controlled.
Wiki User
∙ 16y ago
Wiki User
∙ 15y agoConvective and back-diffusive flow of solvent can cause a build-up of dissolved solutes and macromolecules near and on the surface of the membrane this is known as concentration polarization. When concentration polarization occurs there is a differential solute concentration between the membrane surface and the bulk of the feed stream. The osmotic pressure in the polarized layer due to the high local solute concentration lowers the transmembrane pressure therefore decreasing flux. In cross -flow filtration there is a general decline in flux over time of operation this is due to concentration polarization. The decline in flux can be restored with the manipulation of the operating parameters.
Wiki User
∙ 9y agoConcentration polarization refers to concentration gradients near a membrane's surface. This occurs due to the passing of a solute through this membrane.
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What are the similarities between concentration polarization and kinetic polarization?
Concentration polarization is a condition in which the current in a electrochemical cell is limited by the rate at which reactants are brought to or removed from the surface of on or both electrodes. Kinetic is a condition which the current is limited by the rate at which electrons are transferred between the electrode surfaces and the reactant in solution. ref: fundamentals of analytical chemistry chapter 22.
How does osmosis happen?
Diffusion of fluid through a semipermeable membrane from a solution with a low solute concentration to a solution with a higher solute concentration until there is an equal concentration of fluid on both sides of the membrane
How do fluid materials transport through membrane osmosis osmosis?
Osmosis is the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane from where it is in high concentration to where it is in low concentration.
When one side of the membrane has a higher concentration of particles then the other side of the membrane what happens?
osmosis
What make osmosis and diffusion the same?
Molecules travel across the cell membrane from a higher concentration to a lower concentration during both osmosis and diffusion. Diffusion is when molecules move across the cells' membrane from a higher concentration to a lower concentration. Osmosis is the diffusion of water.
What is concentration polarization cross flow filtration?
Convective and back-diffusive flow of solvent can cause a build-up of dissolved solutes and macromolecules near and on the surface of the membrane this is known as concentration polarization. When concentration polarization occurs there is a differential solute concentration between the membrane surface and the bulk of the feed stream. The osmotic pressure in the polarized layer due to the high local solute concentration lowers the transmembrane pressure therefore decreasing flux. In cross -flow filtration there is a general decline in flux over time of operation this is due to concentration polarization. The decline in flux can be restored with the manipulation of the operating parameters.
What is the name of salt and sugar solution?
This is called concentration polarization.
How does nerve fiber become depolarized?
A nerve fiber becomes polarized when the resting potential of the membrane changes. It starts out with an unequal distribution of charges- the outside is more positive and the inside is less positive. (Sodium (Na+) is in a higher concentration on the outside of the membrane and Potassium (K+) is in a lower concentration on the inside of the membrane.) A stimulus changes the gradient- when more Na+ flows in, the resting potential changes and polarization occurs, allowing for an action potential to be propagated down the axon.
How is the polarized membrane state maintained?
Because the voltage across a neural membrane is approximately -70mv, the inside of the membrane is negatively charged relative to the outside. Therefore, it is polarized; this polarization is maintained by retaining a low concentration of Na+ ion and a high concentration of K+ inside the cell (relative to the outside). Active transport helps this to occur, especially the Na+-K+ pump.THis was a question on my homework too. Hope i helped =).
What are the similarities between concentration polarization and kinetic polarization?
Concentration polarization is a condition in which the current in a electrochemical cell is limited by the rate at which reactants are brought to or removed from the surface of on or both electrodes. Kinetic is a condition which the current is limited by the rate at which electrons are transferred between the electrode surfaces and the reactant in solution. ref: fundamentals of analytical chemistry chapter 22.
Which term refers to the diffusion of water throughout a membrane?
Osmosis is the diffusion of water through a membrane (semipermeable) membrane. Water always moves from a high concentration of water to a low concentration of water.
When was Journal of Membrane Science created?
Journal of Membrane Science was created in 1976.
Is there Concentration in Passive Transport?
Absolutely, in order for passive transport to occur, the concentration on one side of the membrane must be larger than the concentration on the other side of the membrane. The molecules move from higher to lower concentration.
How does osmosis explain the movement of water across cell membranes?
Osmosis is the movement of water from a solution of high concentration to a solution of lower concentration through a membrane. Water passes through the membrane, diluting the solution of higher concentration on the other side, until both solutions on either side of the membrane have equal concentrations.
When will water move acroos a membrane?
There will be a net movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane from where the water is in high concentration to where it is in low concentration.
What is the movement of water through a membrane from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration?
Osmosis is the movement of water through a selectively permeable membrane from an area of high concentration of water to an area of low concentration of water.
What is simple diffusion of water through a membrane called?
Osmosis is the term for the diffusion of solute through a membrane from a place of higher concentration to a place of lower concentration. The process of osmosis will continue until the concentration is equal on both sides of the membrane.
