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The closed reflux method is more efficient in the oxidation of volatile organic compounds than is the opened reflux method. The reason for this is that the oxidant is in contact with these compounds for a longer time. Besides, the closed method is cheaper as only 2 mL of sample is required, since 5 mL is the total volume of the mixture. This means that the amounts of reagents and sample are reduced by a factor of over 20 compared to the opened reflux method. In addition, this fact makes the method less contaminating and allows for the simultaneous digestion of a great number of samples

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What is the difference between a closed system and open system chemical reactions?

In a closed system, no matter can enter or leave the system, while in an open system matter can enter or leave the system. This means that closed systems are isolated from their surroundings, while open systems can exchange matter with their surroundings. Chemical reactions that occur in closed systems can potentially reach equilibrium, while those in open systems may continue until one or more reactants are depleted.


What is the relationship between volume and pressure in a closed system?

In a closed system, the relationship between volume and pressure is described by Boyle's Law, which states that as the volume of a gas decreases, the pressure of the gas increases, and vice versa. This means that there is an inverse relationship between volume and pressure in a closed system.


How does evaporation in a closed container differ from evaporation in an open container?

In a closed container, the water vapor cannot escape into the surrounding air, so the rate of evaporation decreases as the space becomes saturated. In an open container, the water vapor can escape into the surrounding air, allowing for continuous evaporation as long as there is a difference in vapor pressure between the liquid and the air.


What is the difference between inactivated sodium channels and closed sodium channels?

Closed means just that...not open and unable to allow sodium ions to flow. Inactivated means that they do not respond to the stimulus. They could be open or closed, but do not receive the signal from the messenger. Also refractory.


What is the significance of the closed or open shell in the periodic law?

The closed or open shell in an atom refers to the arrangement of electrons in its electron shells. Atoms with closed shells are more stable and less likely to react, following the octet rule. This influences the chemical properties and reactivity of elements in the periodic table.

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What is the difference between a closed system and open system chemical reactions?

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