Penetration power of electrons means the power of orbitals to attract electrons.
More the penetration power of electrons , More will be the ionization Enthalpy (Amount of energy required to remove one electron)
Gamma radiation has the greatest penetrating power among radioactive emissions. It can pass through various materials, including thick layers of lead and concrete. However, it can be shielded by materials with high atomic numbers, such as dense metals like lead or uranium.
Penetrating solutes can cross cell membranes easily due to their ability to dissolve in lipids, while non-penetrating solutes cannot cross cell membranes easily because they do not dissolve in lipids.
Polonium-210 primarily emits alpha radiation, which consists of two protons and two neutrons. This type of radiation has a low penetrating power and is highly ionizing, making it hazardous if ingested or inhaled.
A reversible reaction is generally considered the least penetrating form of a reaction as it allows for the reactants to be reformed if conditions change. This contrasts with irreversible reactions where products cannot easily revert back to reactants. Reversible reactions tend to be more common in nature and biological systems.
If you are asking about which radiation is the most penetrating, gamma rays are the "strongest" in that regard.Gamma rays are electromagnetic radiation of the highest possible energy (frequency). It has a higher frequency (shorter wavelength) than even X-rays. It has the greatest ability to penetrate materials. A gamma ray can go through a hundred people with ease.It takes a very large mass to be effective in stopping gamma radiation. Any material can be used as shielding but, in general, the more mass, the better. It takes a lot more water than lead to stop gamma rays because water is much less dense than lead, but water is cheaper. Stone, concrete, or soil is very cost effective.Any of these radiation may be emitted from the nucleus of an atom during radioactive decay (depending on the type of decay). They all ionize material as it slows them down. Both alpha and beta radiation are particulate radiation, as they are composed of particles.Alpha particles are helium-4 nuclei, composed of two protons and two neutrons. These don't travel very far in air, and a sheet of paper will stop them.A Beta particle is a high energy electron or positron. These have a modest ability to penetrate, but a sheet of aluminum foil will stop them.
Beta particles have a very low penetrating power; an aluminium foil of 3-4 mm is a sufficient shielding.
The ionizing power of radiation is related to its ability to create charged particles (ions) as it passes through matter, which can cause damage to biological tissues. Penetrating power, on the other hand, refers to how deeply radiation can travel through a material before being absorbed. Generally, radiation with high ionizing power tends to have lower penetrating power, and vice versa.
the neutrino
alpha ray.
Gamma rays
Gamma Ray
Alpha particles have a positive charge and weak penetrating power. They can be stopped by a sheet of paper or a few centimeters of air.
Gamma rays have the highest penetrating power among alpha, beta, and gamma radiation. They can penetrate the body and various materials easily due to their high energy level.
Alpha radiation has the weakest penetrating power among the three common types of radiation (alpha, beta, gamma). Alpha particles can be stopped by a sheet of paper or a few centimeters of air, making them less penetrating but more damaging if inhaled or ingested.
Alpha particles are positively charged. They have low penetrating power but high ionizing power.
The correct order for decreasing penetrating power of radiation is: gamma > beta > alpha. Gamma radiation is highly penetrating and can pass through most materials, beta radiation can penetrate thin materials, and alpha radiation can be stopped by a piece of paper or even the outer layers of skin.
The most penetrating power is for beta particles compared to those given here.